A reverse electrodialysis device using a precipitation reaction, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises a first cell stack alternately forming solid salt chambers and precipitation chambers through cation-exchange membranes and anion-exchange membranes which are alternately provided, and a first water-soluble solid salt and a second water-soluble solid salt which are filled in the solid salt chambers, wherein the first water-soluble solid salt and the second water-soluble solid salt are alternately filled in the solid salt chambers, and can react with each other so as to generate a precipitate in neighboring precipitation chambers when water is supplied.

Provided are an iontophoresis device for drug delivery, a method for preparing the iontophoresis device, a kit including the iontophoresis device, and a method for delivering a drug by using the iontophoresis device.

Provided are an iontophoresis device for drug delivery, a method for preparing the iontophoresis device, a kit including the iontophoresis device, and a method for delivering a drug by using the iontophoresis device.

In a method for producing an implantable electrode device, an electrically insulating support and at least one electrically conductive electrode element are provided in order to attach the at least one electrode element to the support. To attach the at least one electrode element to the support, the at least one electrode element and/or the support are heated and the at least one electrode element is pressed against the support.

A hand-held device for electrically assisted skin treatment includes a skin electrode and a hand electrode. An absorbent carrier material is soaked with an active ingredient. The absorbent carrier material is fastened to a ring and the ring is clippable onto the hand-held device. The absorbent carrier material extends over the skin electrode when the ring is in a clipped-on state with respect to the hand-held device.

A method is provided for treating an intervertebral disc of a subject, the method including implanting at least one intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface in a nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, and implanting one or more extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces outside the nucleus pulposus, in electrical communication with the intervertebral disc. Control circuitry, while electrically coupled to the at least one intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface and the one or more extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces, is activated to drive fluid and introduce nutritional substances into the intervertebral disc, by applying a voltage between the at least one intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface and the one or more extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces. Other embodiments are also described.

Apparatus is provided for treating an intervertebral disc of a subject, the apparatus including: at least one intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface, which is configured to be implanted in a nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc; and one or more extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces, which are configured to be implanted outside the nucleus pulposus, in electrical communication with the intervertebral disc. Control circuitry is electrically coupled to the at least one intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface and one or more extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces. The control circuitry is configured to drive fluid and introduce nutritional substances into the intervertebral disc, by applying a voltage between the at least one intra-pulposus exposed electrode surface and the one or more extra-pulposus exposed electrode surfaces. Other embodiments are also described.

Disclosed is an iontophoresis-based patch type medicine absorption device for allowing a medicine for medical treatment or a functional substance for skin care to be effectively absorbed into a user's skin by causing iontophoresis on the user's skin through a conductive patch. The iontophoresis-based patch type medicine absorption device for allowing the medicine for medical treatment or the functional substance for the skin care to be absorbed into the user's skin by the iontophoresis includes a medicine absorption device body that generates power to cause the iontophoresis. The medicine absorption device body includes a power circuit that is provided in an interior space of a body and that includes a power unit that generates the power for the iontophoresis and one or more electrodes to which the power is applied, and a bridge that is provided so as to be combinable with the body and that receives the power through the one or more electrodes. The bridge includes a bridge body provided so as to be combinable with the body and a plurality of bridge legs arranged along a circumferential direction of the bridge body and formed of a conductive material.

An iontophoresis system includes a preloaded reservoir containing one or more doses of a therapeutic agent. As a result, the therapeutic agent does not have to be loaded into the reservoir prior to use. In such a system, the preloaded reservoir is generally disposable. Various components of the iontophoresis system can be combined with the reservoir in a disposable cartridge that is selectively connectable to other, reusable components of the iontophoresis system. In addition, the entire iontophoresis system can be formed from one or more disposable, one-time-use modules.

Exemplary light control devices and methods provide a regional variation of visual information and sampling (“V-VIS”) of an ocular field of view that improves or stabilizes vision, ameliorates a visual symptom, reduces the rate of vision loss, or reduces the progression of an ophthalmic or neurologic condition, disease, injury or disorder. The V-VIS devices and methods generate a moving aperture effect anterior to a retina that samples and delivers to the retina environmental light from an ocular field of view at a sampling rate between 50 hertz and 50 kilohertz. Certain of these V-VIS devices and methods may be combined with augmented or virtual reality, vision measurement, vision monitoring, or other therapies including, but not limited to, pharmacological, gene, retinal replacement and stem cell therapies.