Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling wireless signal transmissions, wherein problematic symbol patterns are relocated to an erasure region of a data packet prior to erasure encoding and transmission. Relocating the problematic symbol patterns is done so that, when the resulting erasure codeword is punctured and transmitted, the problematic patterns are not transmitted. Yet, those patterns can be restored by the decoder at the receiving device using an erasure decoder in accordance with erasure decoding techniques, e.g., punctured low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding techniques. In this manner, problematic symbol patterns that may be corrupting during transmission due to noise are removed (punctured) prior to transmission, then restored by the decoder during decoding.

A soft input decoding method and a decoder for generalized concatenated (GC) codes. The GC codes are constructed from inner nested block codes, such as binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem, BCH, codes and outer codes, such as Reed-Solomon, RS, codes. In order to enable soft input decoding for the inner block codes, a sequential stack decoding algorithm is used. Ordinary stack decoding of binary block codes requires the complete trellis of the code. In one aspect, the present invention applies instead a representation of the block codes based on the trellises of supercodes in order to reduce the memory requirements for the representation of the inner codes. This enables an efficient hardware implementation. In another aspect, there is provided a soft input decoding method and device employing a sequential stack decoding algorithm in combination with list-of-two decoding which is particularly well suited for applications that require very low residual error rates.

Encoder circuit encodes information bits using 2.sup.2N signal points. The encoder circuit includes: symbol mapper that allocates each symbol of frame including information bits, first code and second code to a corresponding signal point among 2.sup.2N signal points according to mapping pattern; converter that converts information bits in other bit strings among N bit strings forming the frame excluding MSB string by using probabilistic shaping; first encoder that generates the first code from information bits in MSB string and the information bits converted by the converter; and second encoder that generates the second code from the information bits in MSB string and the first code. In the mapping pattern, values of bits corresponding to the other bit strings are arranged symmetrically in the constellation, and each pair of adjacent signal points on the constellation are different from each other in terms of value of bit corresponding to MSB string.

According to one embodiment, a memory controller includes an encoder, a randomizing circuit, and an interface. The encoder subjects first data received from an external device to error correction coding. The randomizing circuit randomizes second data output from the encoder. The interface transmits third data output from the randomizing circuit to a nonvolatile semiconductor memory and controls write/read of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory. The interface transmits data of a size larger than or equal to a size of a write unit of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory to the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in a write sequence.

The disclosed systems, structures, and methods are directed to encoding and decoding information for transmission across a communication channel. The method includes dividing the information between m parallel polar codes such that each of the m parallel polar codes includes a plurality of information bits, and splitting the information bits in each of the m parallel polar codes into a private part and a public part. The public part includes an information section and a repetition section, wherein the information bits of the public part are arranged in the information section. Bits in the information section of the public part of each of the m parallel polar codes are repeated in the repetition section of the public part of at least a second one of the m parallel polar codes.

The invention relates to a transmitting system, comprising an SNS client that receives SNS messages from at least one SNS server, and a transmitter which transmits a broadcast signal, including the SNS messages and mobile service data, for a mobile broadcast. The transmitter includes: an RS frame encoder, which performs RS encoding and CRC encoding on the mobile service data for the mobile broadcast so as to build RS frames, and divides each RS frame into a plurality of portions; a group-forming unit, which forms data groups that contain each of the plurality of portions, and which adds known data sequences and signaling data to each data group; an inter-leaver for interleaving data of the data groups; and a trellis encoding unit for trellis-encoding the interleaved data.

In a transmitting device, in interchanging to interchange a code bit of an LDPC code in which a code length is 16200 bits and an encoding rate is 7/15 with a symbol bit of a symbol corresponding to any of 8 signal points defined by 8PSK, when 3 bits of code bits stored in three units of storages having a storage capacity of 16200/3 bits and read bit by bit from the units of storages are allocated to one symbol, a bit b0, a bit b1, and a bit b2 are interchanged with a bit y1, a bit y0, and a bit y2, respectively. A position of the interchanged code bit obtained from data transmitted from the transmitting device is returned to an original position. The present technology is applicable to a case of transmitting data using an LDPC code, for example.

System, device, and method for transmitting a video via a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over Internet Protocol (IP) communication link. A method includes: generating by a video encoder a set of N packets of compressed data per each frame of the video, wherein N is a natural number; and upon generation of each set of N packets for a specific frame of that video, immediately performing the transmitting of the set of N packets that corresponds to a single encoded video frame, via that UDP over IP communication link, without waiting for encoding or packetization of any other video frame of that video. Each packet of that video frame includes at least: a Coarse video data packet-portion, and a Fine video data packet-portion, and optionally also a Header packet-portion that includes sub-frames mapping information.

System, device, and method for transmitting a video via a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over Internet Protocol (IP) communication link. A method includes: generating by a video encoder a set of N packets of compressed data per each frame of the video, wherein N is a natural number; and upon generation of each set of N packets for a specific frame of that video, immediately performing the transmitting of the set of N packets that corresponds to a single encoded video frame, via that UDP over IP communication link, without waiting for encoding or packetization of any other video frame of that video. Each packet of that video frame includes at least: a Coarse video data packet-portion, and a Fine video data packet-portion, and optionally also a Header packet-portion that includes sub-frames mapping information.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.