An information storage system in which information is digitally encoded as a sequence of numbers or symbols periodically errors or adds erasures to some of these numbers or symbols. When the accumulated total number of errors or erasures exceeds a certain level, the information becomes irretrievable. Parity check symbols may be calculated and appended to the sequence of numbers or symbols so that the errors or erasures may be corrected and the information retrieved. At some point, the error correction system is overwhelmed, and the information cannot be retrieved. A public record of the positions of the errors or erasures may be maintained using a block chain or other publication to authenticate the progress of the encoded information towards the point where the contained information has been destroyed. The encoded information may be scrambled or encrypted to provide a clear threshold as to when the encoded information is irretrievably lost.

A device includes a comparator configured to select a first threshold in response to a value of a variable node indicating a first logical value and to select a second threshold in response to the value of the variable node indicating a second logical value. The device also includes a variable node update circuit configured to adjust the value of the variable node in response to a number of unsatisfied check nodes associated with the variable node satisfying the selected threshold.

A device includes a comparator configured to select a first threshold in response to a value of a variable node indicating a first logical value and to select a second threshold in response to the value of the variable node indicating a second logical value. The device also includes a variable node update circuit configured to adjust the value of the variable node in response to a number of unsatisfied check nodes associated with the variable node satisfying the selected threshold.

Methods, systems, and devices for associative computing for error correction are described. A device may receive first data representative of a first codeword of a size for error correction. The device may identify a set of content-addressable memory cells that stores data representative of a set of codewords each of which is the size of the first codeword. The device may identify second data representative of the first codeword in the set of content-addressable memory cells. Based on identifying the second data, the device may transmit an indication of a valid codeword that is mapped to the second data.

Methods, systems, and devices for associative computing for error correction are described. A device may receive first data representative of a first codeword of a size for error correction. The device may identify a set of content-addressable memory cells that stores data representative of a set of codewords each of which is the size of the first codeword. The device may identify second data representative of the first codeword in the set of content-addressable memory cells. Based on identifying the second data, the device may transmit an indication of a valid codeword that is mapped to the second data.

According to one embodiment, a system for processing data includes a controller configured to determine whether a position error signal (PES) is invalid while reading data from a magnetic medium using at least one data channel. The controller is also configured to determine whether a PES value is above a first predetermined threshold in response to a determination that the PES is valid. Moreover, the controller is configured to inject error bits into a data stream in place of corresponding bits of decoded data in response to a determination that the PES is invalid and in response to a determination that the PES value is above the first predetermined threshold. Other systems and methods for processing data are described in accordance with more embodiments.

According to one embodiment, a system for processing data includes a controller configured to determine whether a position error signal (PES) is invalid while reading data from a magnetic medium using at least one data channel. The controller is also configured to determine whether a PES value is above a first predetermined threshold in response to a determination that the PES is valid. Moreover, the controller is configured to inject error bits into a data stream in place of corresponding bits of decoded data in response to a determination that the PES is invalid and in response to a determination that the PES value is above the first predetermined threshold. Other systems and methods for processing data are described in accordance with more embodiments.

A communication device includes a data source that generates data for transmission over a bus, and that further includes a data encoder coupled to receive and encode outgoing data. The encoder further includes a coupling toggle rate (CTR) calculator configured to calculate a CTR for the outgoing data, a threshold calculator configured to determine an expected value of the CTR as a threshold value, a comparator configured to compare the calculated CTR to the threshold value wherein the comparison is used to determine whether to perform an encoding step by an encoding block configured to selectively encode said data. A method according to one embodiment includes determining and comparing a CTR and an expected CTR to determine whether to encode the outgoing data. Any one of a plurality different coding techniques may be used including bus inversion.

A communication device includes a data source that generates data for transmission over a bus, and that further includes a data encoder coupled to receive and encode outgoing data. The encoder further includes a coupling toggle rate (CTR) calculator configured to calculate a CTR for the outgoing data, a threshold calculator configured to determine an expected value of the CTR as a threshold value, a comparator configured to compare the calculated CTR to the threshold value wherein the comparison is used to determine whether to perform an encoding step by an encoding block configured to selectively encode said data. A method according to one embodiment includes determining and comparing a CTR and an expected CTR to determine whether to encode the outgoing data. Any one of a plurality different coding techniques may be used including bus inversion.

According to one embodiment, a system includes a controller configured to determine whether a position error signal (PES) is invalid while reading data from a magnetic medium using at least one data channel. An invalid PES indicates off-track reading or a defect in the magnetic medium. The controller is also configured to determine whether a PES value is above a first predetermined threshold in response to a determination that the PES is valid. Moreover, the controller is configured to inject error bits into a data stream in place of corresponding bits of decoded data in response to a determination that the PES is invalid, a determination that the PES value is above the first predetermined threshold, or a determination that the PES is invalid and the PES value is above the first predetermined threshold. Other systems and methods are described in accordance with more embodiments.