Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a communication method and apparatus, including: obtaining to-be-encoded first information, where the first information includes a first information bit set and a second information bit set, bits included in the first information bit set are able to be obtained through correct decoding by a plurality of terminal devices, and bits included in the second information bit set are able to be obtained through correct decoding by some of the plurality of terminal devices; performing first polar encoding on the first information bit set to obtain first encoded information; performing second polar encoding on the second information bit set based on the first encoded information to obtain second encoded information; and outputting the second encoded information. Resources can be saved by implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure.

A method and apparatus for obtaining data from a memory, estimating a probability of data values of the obtained data based on at least one of a source log-likelihood ratio and a channel log-likelihood ratio, wherein each bit in the obtained data has an associated log-likelihood ratio, determining at least one data pattern parameter for the data and performing a decoding process using the at least one data pattern parameters to determine a decoded data set.

A method begins by determining storage performance for a set of storage resources of the storage network, where data is error encoded into pluralities of sets of encoded data slices in accordance with error encoding parameters, and, for a set of encoded data slices, the error encoding parameters include a decode threshold number and a pillar width threshold number. The method continues by determining a storage provisioning implementation for the set of storage resources based on the storage performance and a storage performance range threshold. The method continues by facilitating the storage provisioning implementation to produce an updated set of storage resources. The method continues by maintaining storage of the set of encoded data slices in accordance with the storage provisioning implementation, where the decode threshold number of encoded data slices of the set of encoded data slices remains available during the facilitating the storage provisioning implementation.

A communication system for conveying information from an information source across a communications channel using a joint source channel coding variational autoencoder, comprising an encoder neural network of the joint source channel coding variational autoencoder, the encoder neural network having an input layer having input nodes corresponding to a sequence of source symbols S={S1, S2, . . . , Sm}, the Si, taking values in a finite alphabet S, received at the input layer from the information source as samples thereof, and a channel input layer coupled to the input layer through one or more neural network layers, the channel input layer having nodes corresponding to a channel input distribution vector Zk={Z1, Z2, . . . , ZK}, the Zi, taking values for parameters defining a plurality of distributions, each distribution being sampleable to provide possible values for the Xi, of a channel input vector Xn={X1, X2, . . . , Xn}, the Xi taking values from the available input signal values of the communications channel, wherein the encoder neural network is configured through training to map sequences of source symbols Sm received from the information source directly to a representation as a plurality of distributions that provide possible values for the Xi, of a channel input vector Xn, usable to drive a transmitter to transmit a corresponding signal over the communications channel; a sampler, configured to produce a channel input vector Xn={X1, X2, . . . , Xn} in use by sampling the respective distribution for each channel input X defined by the channel input distribution vector Zk={Zi, Z2, . . . , ZK} output by the channel input layer of the encoder neural network; and a decoder neural network of the joint source channel coding variational autoencoder, the decoder neural network having a channel output layer having nodes corresponding to a channel output vector Yn received from a receiver receiving the signal Xn transmitted by the transmitter and transformed by the communications channel, and an output layer coupled to the channel output layer through one or more neural network layers, having nodes matching those of the input layer of the encoder neural network, wherein the decoder neural network is configured through training to map the representation of the source symbols as the channel output vector Yn transformed by the communications channel to a reconstruction of the source symbols Sm output from the output layer of the joint source channel coding variational autoencoder, the reconstruction of the source symbols Sm being usable to reconstitute the information source.

The present disclosure is based on erasure coding, information dispersal, secret sharing and ramp schemes to assure reliability and security. More precisely, the present disclosure combines ramp threshold secret sharing and systematic erasure coding.

A method performed at an electronic device comprises receiving information bits, a first nub, and a second nub, each nub comprising redundant values; calculating first calculated determiners from first subsets of the information bits along a first dimension; calculating first corrected determiners by applying first FEC decoding to a combination of the first calculated determiners and the first nub; correcting at least one error in the information bits using a difference between the first corrected determiners and the first calculated determiners; calculating second calculated determiners from second subsets of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension; calculating second corrected determiners by applying second FEC decoding to a combination of the second calculated determiners and the second nub; and correcting at least one additional error in the information bits using a difference between the second corrected determiners and the second calculated determiners.

A method for execution by a computing device of a storage network begins by obtaining a credential to be added to a local authentication list, where the credential authenticates, during a first time period, at least one of an access request and a requesting device, and where the local authentication list is stored in temporary memory of the computing device and is stored as a plurality of sets of encoded authentication slices in a set of storage units. The method continues by updating the local authentication list stored in the temporary memory to include a representation of the credential. The method continues by encoding the representation to produce a set of encoded authentication slices, where a decode threshold number of encoded authentication slices is needed to recover the representation. The method continues by sending the set of encoded authentication slices to the set of storage units for storage therein.

Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, devices, and machine-readable mediums which optimize one or more metrics of a communication system by intentionally changing symbols in a bitstream after encoding by an error correction coder, but prior to transmission. The symbols may be changed to meet a communication metric optimization goal, such as decreasing a high PAPR, reducing an error rate, reducing an average power level (to save battery), or altering some other communication metric. The symbol that is intentionally changed is then detected by the receiver as an error and corrected by the receiver utilizing the error correction coding.

A method of image processing in wireless channel environment comprises steps of: dividing a frame of content image data into multiple blocks defined by a line; wirelessly transmitting the multiple blocks per line by coding channels in channel coding units by defining a transmission code rate according to a wireless channel environment information; determining whether there is a channel error for each block after decoding a received data; extracting an information of an image of an errored block; determining an image error correction method suitable for the extracted information; replacing the errored block with an error-corrected block according to the determined image correction method; and performing a post processing process to eliminate visual unnaturalness between the replaced block and a neighboring block at a block boundary.

Methods and apparatuses for HARQ in a non-terrestrial network are disclosed. An operation method of a first node may comprise receiving a transport block (TB) from a second node; classifying total soft bits for the TB into information values and sign values; configuring the information values of the total soft bits into one or more subsets; performing a compression operation on each of the one or more subsets; and performing a compression operation on the sign values. Therefore, performance of the communication system can be improved.