A decoding circuit applied to a multimedia apparatus is provided. The decoding circuit is for decoding encoded data to generate system information, and includes multiple processing circuits and a determination circuit. The multiple processing circuits individually process the encoded data to generate multiple processed signals, and respectively correspond to multiple bit combinations of a part of the system information. The determination circuit determines the system information according to the multiple processed signals.

A coding circuit includes an encoder circuit configured to generate an input codeword by concatenating an input data and a parity generated by processing the input data using an odd parity generator matrix; and a decoder circuit configured to correct a double error from an output codeword, and to detect a triple error using a syndrome generated by processing the output codeword using the odd parity generator matrix, wherein each column of the odd parity generator matrix has a respective odd number of 1's.

A data processing apparatus includes a memory, a processor which outputs write data when making a write request to the memory, and which inputs read data when making a read request to the memory, a parity generating circuit which generates a parity comprising a plurality of parity bits from the write data, the parity being written with the write data into the memory, and a parity check circuit which is coupled between the memory and the processor, and which detects a presence or absence of an error of one bit or two bits in the read data and the parity read from the memory, wherein the parity generating circuit generates the parity so that at least one of a first write data bit and a second write data bit included in the write data contributes to generation of at least two parity bits.

An error correction code (ECC) encoder includes a plurality of exclusive OR (XOR) gates configured to receive a k-bit original data in parallel and configured to perform a plurality of XOR operations to the k-bit original data to output a (nk)-bit parity data. The k-bit original data and the (nk)-bit parity data form an n-bit codeword, k denotes a natural number and n denotes a natural number which is greater than k.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for decoding low density parity check (LDPC) codes, and more particularly to non-linear log-likelihood ratio quantization techniques for low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder architecture.

System and method of comparing-selecting state metric values for high speed Viterbi decoding. In an Add-Compare-Select (ACS) unit, a select control signal is produced by Boolean operations on comparator decision signals and used to control a multiplexer structure. The comparator decision signals can be generated in parallel by an array of comparators comparing all possible pairs of a set of state metrics values. The Boolean operations are predefined through Boolean algebra that uses the decision signals as variables and complies with restriction imposed by the selection criteria, e.g., to select an minimum or maximum value of the set of state metrics values. The Boolean operations are performed by a logic module implemented using basic logic gates, such as AND, OR and NOT. As a result, the multiplexer structure that receives the set of input values can output the optimum value responsive to the select control signal.

A method and apparatus for decoding a Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code whereby the apparatus comprises an LDPC decoder comprising variable-node calculation circuitry and check-node calculation circuitry: the check-node calculation circuitry is arranged operably to perform a modulo 2 multiplication on a codeword and a parity check matrix to calculate a plurality of first syndromes in a first-stage state. The variable-node calculation circuitry is arranged operably to perform a bit flipping algorithm to generate variable nodes, and calculate soft bits for the variable nodes in a second-stage state. The check-node calculation circuitry is arranged to perform the modulo 2 multiplication on the variable nodes and the parity check matrix to calculate second syndromes in the second-stage. When second syndromes indicate that the previously generated variable nodes are incorrect, a third stage state is repeated until decoding succeeds or a total number of iterations exceeds a threshold.

An encoding method, a decoding method, an encoding device, a decoding device, a computer device, and a storage medium for providing error protection for display data. A first initial display data error-prone and a second initial display data not error-prone are filtered out, and the first initial display data being performed complex logic operations and the second initial display data being simple encoded are outputted.

A quantum computing device is provided, including a logical qubit encoding surface including a plurality of plaquettes. Each plaquette of the plurality of plaquettes may include a plurality of measurement-based qubits. The plurality of measurement-based qubits may include four data qubits and a first ancilla qubit. The first ancilla qubit may be electrically connected to the four data qubits and a second ancilla qubit included in the logical qubit encoding surface.

A data processing apparatus includes a memory, a processor which outputs write data when making a write request to the memory, and which inputs read data when making a read request to the memory, a first circuit which is coupled between the memory and the processor, and which includes a parity generating circuit generating a parity comprising a plurality of parity bits from the write data, the parity being written with the write data into the memory, and a second circuit which is coupled between the memory and the processor, and which includes a parity check circuit detecting a presence or an absence of an error of one-bit or two-bits in the read data and the parity read from the memory.