Apparatus (2) is described including one or more signal sources (6). The apparatus (2) also includes a measurement front end (7) having at least first (+V.sub.in)) and second (−V.sub.in) inputs. The apparatus (2) also includes a substantially planar connector (1) having a length (L) between first (1a) and second (1b) ends and supporting a number of conductors (3) spanning between the first (1a) and second (1b) ends. At each point between the first (1a) and second (1b) ends the conductors (3) are substantially equi-spaced from one another within the substantially planar connector (1). The conductors (3) include at least one signal conductor (8) connecting the signal sources (6) to the first input (+V.sub.in). The conductors (3) also include at least two further conductors (10, 11) connecting to the one or more signal sources (6). One or both of the two further conductors (10, 11) also connect to the second input (−V.sub.in). Each of the at least one signal conductor (8) and the at least two further conductors (10, 11) belongs to one or more closed loops. The one or more closed loops have areas and impedances configured such that in response to a uniform time-varying external magnetic field being applied to the apparatus, a first unwanted electromotive force induced at the first input (+V.sub.in) will be substantially equal to a second unwanted electromotive force induced at the second input (−V.sub.in).

A method for connecting a differential transmission cable, (and a differential transmission cable and an electric device) includes: connecting a pair of conductors for transmitting a differential signal to transceivers; and connecting a second shield provided on the periphery of a first shield via an insulating layer to frame grounds, without electrically connecting anywhere the first shield that is provided on the periphery of the pair of conductors via a dielectric layer.

A method for connecting a differential transmission cable, (and a differential transmission cable and an electric device) includes: connecting a pair of conductors for transmitting a differential signal to transceivers; and connecting a second shield provided on the periphery of a first shield via an insulating layer to frame grounds, without electrically connecting anywhere the first shield that is provided on the periphery of the pair of conductors via a dielectric layer.

According to one embodiment, there is provided a multilayer substrate including a signal layer. The signal layer includes a first line and a second line which form a differential pair. The first line electrically connects a first node and a second node in the signal layer. The second line electrically connects a third node and a fourth node in the signal layer. The interval between the first line and the second line is approximately constant from the first node to the second node. A physical length from the third node to the fourth node in the second line is shorter than a physical length from the first node to the second node in the first line. A width of the second line is thicker than a width of the first line.

An electrical communications system is described between a first environment and a second environment, having time-varying ground potential differences. The system includes a wire pair for carrying an electrical signal to be communicated from the first environment to the second environment; a first ground shield surrounding the signal carrying wire pair connected to a ground of the first environment; a second ground shield surrounding the signal carrying wire pair connected to a ground of the second environment; and a resistive element connected between the wires in the signal carrying wire pair having a value chosen so as to suppress any natural resonance characteristics of the cable structure.

An electrical communications system is described between a first environment and a second environment, having time-varying ground potential differences. The system includes a wire pair for carrying an electrical signal to be communicated from the first environment to the second environment; a first ground shield surrounding the signal carrying wire pair connected to a ground of the first environment; a second ground shield surrounding the signal carrying wire pair connected to a ground of the second environment; and a resistive element connected between the wires in the signal carrying wire pair having a value chosen so as to suppress any natural resonance characteristics of the cable structure.

Methods, systems, computer-readable media, and apparatus for spurious information reduction in a data signal are presented. One example of such an apparatus includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADCs) configured to sample a data signal at a plurality of different sampling rates to produce a corresponding plurality of sampled signals; a normalizer configured to obtain a plurality of common-bandwidth signals from at least the plurality of sampled signals; and a common-mode filter configured to produce a digital output signal based on the plurality of common-bandwidth signals.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include a communication system including a full duplex transceiver is configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals simultaneously over a transmission medium; a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitates the performance of operations, including: transmitting, via the full duplex transceiver, electromagnetic wave signals that convey a plurality of data frames, wherein the electromagnetic wave signals propagate along the transmission medium to another transceiver, wherein the electromagnetic wave signals propagate along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path; monitoring, via the full duplex transceiver, the transmission medium for an interference; identifying, via the full duplex transceiver, one or more data frames of the plurality of data frames that were transmitted during a period of the interference; and retransmitting, via the full duplex transceiver, the one or more data frames. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include a communication system including a full duplex transceiver is configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals simultaneously over a transmission medium; a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitates the performance of operations, including: transmitting, via the full duplex transceiver, electromagnetic wave signals that convey a plurality of data frames, wherein the electromagnetic wave signals propagate along the transmission medium to another transceiver, wherein the electromagnetic wave signals propagate along the transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path; monitoring, via the full duplex transceiver, the transmission medium for an interference; identifying, via the full duplex transceiver, one or more data frames of the plurality of data frames that were transmitted during a period of the interference; and retransmitting, via the full duplex transceiver, the one or more data frames. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A power line communication apparatus includes a first power line communication device disposed at a signal transmit end, a second power line communication device disposed at a signal receive end, a power line, a first magnetic ring disposed at the signal transmit end, and a second magnetic ring disposed at the signal receive end. The second power line communication device receives the modulated signal from the power line. The power line includes a wire for transmitting electric energy and a shield layer that wraps the wire for electromagnetic shielding. The wire and the shield layer separately extend from the signal transmit end to the signal receive end. The first magnetic ring and the second magnetic ring are separately coupled to the shield layer, to suppress inductance attenuation of the magnetic ring and improve reliability of the transmitted modulated signal.