A feed network arrangement for generating a multi-antennae signal includes a plurality of coupler devices coupled to one another in waveguide technique, and a plurality of adjustable length of line devices. At least one of the plurality of adjustable length of line devices is coupled to at least one of the plurality of coupler devices, where the one of the plurality of adjustable length of line device is configured to calibrate an electrical length of a supply line of the at least one of the plurality of coupler devices, In addition, the plurality of coupler devices are arranged such that a plurality of inputs of the feed network arrangement are disposed on a first side of the feed network arrangement and a plurality of outputs of the feed network arrangement are disposed on a second side of the feed network arrangement.

A single-ended data transmission system transmits a signal having a signal voltage that is referenced to a power supply voltage and that swings above and below the power supply voltage. The power supply voltage is coupled to a power supply rail that also serves as a signal return path. The signal voltage is derived from two signal supply voltages generated by a pair of charge pumps that draw substantially same amount of current from a power supply.

A single-ended data transmission system transmits a signal having a signal voltage that is referenced to a power supply voltage and that swings above and below the power supply voltage. The power supply voltage is coupled to a power supply rail that also serves as a signal return path. The signal voltage is derived from two signal supply voltages generated by a pair of charge pumps that draw substantially same amount of current from a power supply.

A computer system at a substation of an electrical grid examines on-grid communication channels and for very channel, the system compares and correlates a GLA signal provided by a downstream transmitter on that channel to a reference GLA signal. The channel that provided the signal with the best correlation is mostly likely the channel with the transmitter. Thus, the feeder and phase of the signal can be determined from the correlation of signals.

A computer system at a substation of an electrical grid examines on-grid communication channels and for very channel, the system compares and correlates a GLA signal provided by a downstream transmitter on that channel to a reference GLA signal. The channel that provided the signal with the best correlation is mostly likely the channel with the transmitter. Thus, the feeder and phase of the signal can be determined from the correlation of signals.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for enabling an existing wire supplying DC current to an electrical load of a vehicle to serve as a clean line for transmission of a data signal without interference from electrical systems of the vehicle. The method comprises identifying opposite ends of the existing wire, cutting the wire at the opposite ends and inserting a respective inductor in series with the wire at each of the opposite ends, to define an intermediate wire section that extends between the two inductors, and coupling data transmitting and receiving units to the intermediate section of the wire to permit data transfer between the transmitting and receiving units.

A transmission system capable of improving transmission characteristics in a low frequency range and having reduced size. A transmission system for superimposing power on a signal transmission path between a first circuit module and a second circuit module includes a first capacitor between the transmission path and a first interface IC in the first circuit module, a second capacitor between the transmission path and a second interface IC in the second circuit module, a first inductor between a first power supply circuit in the first circuit module and the transmission path, and a second inductor between a second power supply circuit in the second circuit module and the transmission path. A capacitance value of the first capacitor and a capacitance value of the second capacitor differ from each other. Inductance values of each of the first and second inductors are in a range from 20 [μH] to 50 [μH].

A transmission system capable of improving transmission characteristics in a low frequency range and having reduced size. A transmission system for superimposing power on a signal transmission path between a first circuit module and a second circuit module includes a first capacitor between the transmission path and a first interface IC in the first circuit module, a second capacitor between the transmission path and a second interface IC in the second circuit module, a first inductor between a first power supply circuit in the first circuit module and the transmission path, and a second inductor between a second power supply circuit in the second circuit module and the transmission path. A capacitance value of the first capacitor and a capacitance value of the second capacitor differ from each other. Inductance values of each of the first and second inductors are in a range from 20 [μH] to 50 [μH].

Apparatus and associated methods related to providing safe electrical control and/or communication between a remote controller located in a safe location and interface system for a machine located in a hazardous location. The control and/or communication is provided via industrial-voltage power lines that traverse a barrier separating the safe location from the hazardous location. Control and/or communication is provided by reactively coupling to industrial power lines, which traverse the barrier, so as to superimpose a control and/or communication signal upon AC operating power provided to the machine. Each of the interface system located at the hazardous location and the remote control module located at a safe location provides such reactive coupling to the industrial-voltage power lines so as to communicate therebetween.

A communication terminal includes a communication unit and a controller. The communication unit is provided in a supply apparatus that supplies electric power from a power source to an electric device through a feeding line, and is configured to communicate with a destination terminal provided in the electric device. The controller is configured to control a switch to switch turning on and off of the switch electrically connected to the feeding line. The feeding line includes a first line that electrically connects between the power source and the switch, and a second line that electrically connects between the switch and the electric device. At least one of the communication unit and the destination terminal is located away via a space from a conductive member included in the feeding line as to be electrically connected to an electrode coupled via electric field to the conductive member. The communication unit is configured to communicate with the destination terminal by using a signal transmitted via a conductive member included in the second line of the conductive member as a medium. The controller is configured to turn off the switch for a communication period for which the communication unit communicates with the destination terminal.