A system configured to provide galvanic isolation of data or power signals between primary and secondary sides. In various forms, the system may provide galvanic isolation with primary side passive or active sensing of a secondary side load, and with secondary side control for dual data and power control over a single galvanic interface; with series capacitive, series capacitive and resistive, alternating series capacitive and resistive, or series and parallel capacitive galvanic isolation, or series and parallel capacitive galvanic isolation for multiple isolated ground planes; using Manchester encoding across the galvanic isolation region; using differential power and data across the galvanic isolation region; using an isolated common reference for data and power links across the galvanic isolation region; using controller area networking across the galvanic isolation region; or using a resonant configuration and having feedback between the galvanic interface, only on the primary side, or only on the secondary side.

A method for transmitting at least one of electrical power and signals between a wall and a leaf which can be pivoted relative to the wall. The method includes providing a transmission device, detecting a magnetic field strength in surroundings of the transmission device, and generating a fault signal when the magnetic field strength exceeds a threshold value.

A magnetic isolator includes a dielectric film having a layer of electrically-conductive soft magnetic material bonded thereto. The layer of electrically-conductive soft magnetic material comprises substantially coplanar electrically-conductive soft magnetic islands separated one from another by gaps. At least some of the gaps are filled with an inorganic dielectric material. The gaps at least partially suppress electrical eddy current induced within the layer of soft magnetic material when in the presence of applied external magnetic field. An electronic device including the magnetic isolator and a method of making the magnetic isolator are also disclosed.

A device is presented for improving radio frequency (RF) and microwave array antenna performance. The device sits in the near field, the reactive region, of the antenna array with a pattern of electrically isolated rectangular, cross-shaped, ell, and/or similarly-shaped patches of flat metal or other conductor in a flat plane. The patches are segmented into smaller shapes no greater than 0.3 of a shortest wavelength of the nominal operating range of the antenna and/or the height of the plane is greater than 0.25 and/or less than 0.4 of the center frequency's wavelength. Mutual coupling S-parameters between neighboring elements are either simulated or measured, and the patch sizes or height are designed such that |S.sub.21.sup.Refl| is in a range of |S.sub.21.sup.Array|?20% of |S.sub.21.sup.Array|; and Phase(S.sub.21.sup.Refl) is in a range of Phase(S.sub.21.sup.Array)+180?30 degrees, where S.sub.21.sup.Array is an S-parameter between antenna two neighboring antenna elements measured or simulated without the device, where S.sub.21.sup.ADS is the same with the device, and S.sub.21.sup.Refl=S.sub.21.sup.ADS?S.sub.21.sup.Array.

A near field communication (NFC) device capable of operating by being powered by the field includes an NFC module for generating an electromagnetic carrier signal and modulating the carrier signal according to data to be transmitted, and an antenna circuit coupled to and driven by said NFC module with the modulated carrier signal. An electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter of the NFC device is coupled to the NFC module via output terminals of said NFC module. A powered by the field circuit of the NFC device is adapted to harvest energy from an external field to power said NFC device. The power by the field circuit is coupled to said EMC filter via one or more impedance elements. The NFC device is adapted to be able to operate in one of a reader mode, a battery supplied card mode, and a powered by the field card mode.

Disclosed are various embodiments related to an electronic device including a coil. The electronic device may include: a housing including a first face facing a first direction and a second face facing a second direction different from the first direction; and a flexible printed circuit board and a control circuit disposed between the first and second faces. The flexible printed circuit board may include a first coil including at least one turn, a second coil including at least one turn, and a third coil including at least one turn. At least a part of the second coil may surround a first portion of the first coil, a second portion of the first coil may surround at least a part of the second coil, a third portion of the first coil may surround the second portion of the first coil, and at least a part of the third coil may be disposed between at least a part of the second portion of the first coil and at least a part of the third portion of the first coil. The control circuit may be configured to: transmit a signal outward by a first transmission method using the first coil; transmit a signal outward by a second transmission method using the second coil; and transmit a signal outward by a third transmission method using the third coil.

Methods and apparatus for detecting the presence of undesirable foreign matter in a region between a wireless power transmission apparatus and a power reception apparatus are described. First and second detection methods, based on different detection schemes, may be used to detect and distinguish the presence of foreign matter from misalignment during power transfer operation. A first detection method may be used before power is transferred to a load in a power reception apparatus, and a second detection method may be used while power is supplied to the load.

A near field communication (NFC) device capable of operating by being powered by the field includes an NFC module for generating an electromagnetic carrier signal and modulating the carrier signal according to data to be transmitted, and an antenna circuit coupled to and driven by said NFC module with the modulated carrier signal. An electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter of the NFC device is coupled to the NFC module via output terminals of said NFC module. A powered by the field circuit of the NFC device is adapted to harvest energy from an external field to power said NFC device. The power by the field circuit is coupled to said EMC filter via one or more impedance elements. The NFC device is adapted to be able to operate in one of a reader mode, a battery supplied card mode, and a powered by the field card mode.

A near field communication ring configured to be worn by a user is provided. The NFC ring may include at least one metal ring having a gap, a chip, and an antenna, wherein the chip and the antenna may be fixed to the at least one metal ring having a gap, and wherein the chip, using the antenna, is configured to provide a near field communication with an external device.

A system configured to provide galvanic isolation of data or power signals between primary and secondary sides. In various forms, the system may provide galvanic isolation with primary side passive or active sensing of a secondary side load, and with secondary side control for dual data and power control over a single galvanic interface; with series capacitive, series capacitive and resistive, alternating series capacitive and resistive, or series and parallel capacitive galvanic isolation, or series and parallel capacitive galvanic isolation for multiple isolated ground planes; using Manchester encoding across the galvanic isolation region; using differential power and data across the galvanic isolation region; using an isolated common reference for data and power links across the galvanic isolation region; using controller area networking across the galvanic isolation region; or using a resonant configuration and having feedback between the galvanic interface, only on the primary side, or only on the secondary side.