Communication operations are optimally conducted by applying space-division multiple access in which wireless resources on a spatial axis are shared among a plurality of users. By applying an RD protocol to a communication system that conducts space-division multiple access, spatially multiplexed frames in a TXOP are made more efficient. By specifying a frame length for reverse direction frames with reverse direction permission information and having respective transmitters of reverse direction frames make their frame lengths uniform while respecting the specification, AGC operation stabilizes. Also, a transmit start time for reverse direction frames can be specified by reverse direction permission information, and respective transmitters of reverse direction frames can transmit frames at the same time while respecting the specification.

Systems and methods of transmitting a PPDU to or from a single user station (STA) in an MIMO transmission by using unequal MCSs. An access point (AP) allocates a plurality of spatial streams to the STA and assigned them into groups for the MIMO transmission. Multiple unequal MCSs are assigned to the different spatial stream groups. Correspondingly the STA ID is repeatedly specified in the user block fields of a SIG-B field of a downlink PPDU, or in the user information fields of a trigger frame. Alternatively, multiple AIDs of the STA can be specified in the user block fields or the user information fields instead of repeating the same STA ID. An indication may be inserted in the SIG-A field to indicate that the grouped-based unequal MCSs scheme is used for the MIMO transmission.

A wireless device and a method therein for performing one or more operations based on available energy. The wireless device is configured to operate in a wireless communications network. Based on an amount of energy available for operation and based on control information, the wireless device determines an allocation of the amount of available energy between at least a first energy part and a second energy part. The first energy part is to be used in a sensing operation using a sensing operation configuration and the second energy part is to be used in a communicating operation using a communicating operation configuration. The wireless device performs based on the determined allocation, one or more operations out of: the sensing operation using the first energy part and the sensing operation configuration, and the communicating operation using the second energy part and the communicating operation configuration.

Communication operations are optimally conducted by applying space-division multiple access in which wireless resources on a spatial axis are shared among a plurality of users. By applying an RD protocol to a communication system that conducts space-division multiple access, spatially multiplexed frames in a TXOP are made more efficient. By specifying a frame length for reverse direction frames with reverse direction permission information and having respective transmitters of reverse direction frames make their frame lengths uniform while respecting the specification, AGC operation stabilizes. Also, a transmit start time for reverse direction frames can be specified by reverse direction permission information, and respective transmitters of reverse direction frames can transmit frames at the same time while respecting the specification.

A method, apparatus, and computer program for controlling allocation of control message fields in uplink transmission in a cellular telecommunication system are presented. Uplink control message fields are allocated to the resources of a physical uplink shared traffic channel according to an uplink transmission scheme selected for a user terminal. The control message fields are allocated so that transmission performance of the control messages is optimized for the selected uplink transmission scheme.

A method for synchronizing a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes determining a first beam identifier associated with a transmission beam conveying a first received beamformed synchronization signal, determining if a first synchronization cycle is complete, and based on the first synchronization cycle not being complete, repeating the determining the first beam identifier, and the determining if the first synchronization cycle is not complete until the first synchronization cycle is complete.

A method for transmitting beamformed signals includes beamforming a synchronization signal in accordance with a first set of spatially separated transmission beams, thereby producing first beamformed synchronization signals, transmitting the first beamformed synchronization signals, determining if a first synchronization cycle is complete, and when the first synchronization cycle is not complete, rotating the first set of spatially separated transmission beams, and repeating the beamforming, the transmitting, and the determining until the first synchronization cycle is complete.

A method of transmitting and receiving a HE PPDU and perform channel estimation enhancement is proposed. The HE PPDU comprises legacy preamble, HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data. A beam-change indication indicates if the pre-multiplied beamforming Q-matrix is changed from legacy preamble to H-SFT, HE-LTF, and data portion. A value of 1 indicates that Q matrix is changed. A value of 0 indicates that Q matrix is unchanged and receiver should be safe to combine L-LTF and HE-LTF. The beam-change indication can be used to significantly enhance channel estimation at receiver. When there is no beam-change, receiver does not change operation during HE-STF and HE-LTF such that the channel estimations can rely on the combination of L-LTFs, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIGAs and HE-LTF.

A method, apparatus, and computer program for controlling allocation of control message fields in uplink transmission in a cellular telecommunication system are presented. Uplink control message fields are allocated to the resources of a physical uplink shared traffic channel according to an uplink transmission scheme selected for a user terminal. The control message fields are allocated so that transmission performance of the control messages is optimized for the selected uplink transmission scheme.

A method, apparatus, and computer program for controlling allocation of control message fields in uplink transmission in a cellular telecommunication system are presented. Uplink control message fields are allocated to the resources of a physical uplink shared traffic channel according to an uplink transmission scheme selected for a user terminal. The control message fields are allocated so that transmission performance of the control messages is optimized for the selected uplink transmission scheme.