Communicating polarization-dependent information over a free space channel may include separating a data signal carrying data into a first signal and a second signal each carrying a portion of the data of the data signal, modulating a first carrier signal with the first signal and a second carrier signal with the second signal, radiating the modulated first signal with a first polarization as a polarized first signal over a free space channel, radiating the modulated second signal with a second polarization as a polarized second signal over the free space channel, demodulating the polarized first signal and the polarized second signal, and combining the demodulated first signal with the demodulated second signal to provide an output signal carrying the data of the data signal.

The teachings herein present a method and apparatus that implement and use a factorized precoder structure that is advantageous in terms of performance and efficiency. In particular, the teachings presented herein disclose an underlying precoder structure that allows for certain codebook reuse across different transmission scenarios, including for transmission from a single Uniform Linear Array (ULA) of transmit antennas and transmission from cross-polarized subgroups of such antennas. According to this structure, an overall precoder is constructed from a conversion precoder and a tuning precoder. The conversion precoder includes antenna-subgroup precoders of size N.sub.T/2, where N.sub.T represents the number of overall antenna ports considered. Correspondingly, the tuning precoder controls the offset of beam phases between the antenna-subgroup precoders, allowing the conversion precoder to be used with cross-polarized arrays of N.sub.T/2 antenna elements and with co-polarized arrays of N.sub.T antenna elements.

A wireless data transmission apparatus is disclosed, comprising one or more antennas for transmitting data as polarised electromagnetic radiation, and polarisation control means for controlling an axial ratio and a tilt angle of the polarised electromagnetic radiation such that the axial ratio and tilt angle conveys information about the data being transmitted. A corresponding wireless data receiving apparatus is also disclosed. In some embodiments, the one or more antennas comprises a patch antenna, and the polarisation means may comprise a mechanism for varying an electrical length of the angled slot. By utilising the tilt angle and axial ratio of polarised electromagnetic radiation to convey information to the receiver, the spectral efficiency of the system can be increased. A further increase in spectral efficiency may be obtained by using the polarisation control means to modulate first and second carrier waves, and transmitting different data on the first and second carrier waves.

A wireless data transmission apparatus is disclosed, comprising one or more antennas for transmitting data as polarised electromagnetic radiation, and polarisation control means for controlling an axial ratio and a tilt angle of the polarised electromagnetic radiation such that the axial ratio and tilt angle conveys information about the data being transmitted. A corresponding wireless data receiving apparatus is also disclosed. In some embodiments, the one or more antennas comprises a patch antenna, and the polarisation means may comprise a mechanism for varying an electrical length of the angled slot. By utilising the tilt angle and axial ratio of polarised electromagnetic radiation to convey information to the receiver, the spectral efficiency of the system can be increased. A further increase in spectral efficiency may be obtained by using the polarisation control means to modulate first and second carrier waves, and transmitting different data on the first and second carrier waves.

Precoding matrix indicator (PMI) feedback for Type II channel state information (CSI) feedback in new radio (NR) multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) operations is discussed. According to various aspects, a user equipment (UE) determines a plurality of CSI feedback components and identifies a set of discarded ones of these components based on a particular component value of a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) component. The UE may then generate an adjusted CSI report by adjusting how the discarded feedback components are treated. The resulting adjusted CSI report may then be transmitted to a serving base station.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A transmitting device, which may be an example of a user equipment and/or a base station, may receive a signal from a receiving device indicating an antenna topology supported by the receiving device. The transmitting device may select, based at least in part on the antenna topology, a diversity scheme for performing a wireless transmission to the receiving device, the diversity scheme including one or more diversity types from a plurality of diversity types. The transmitting device may transmit the wireless transmission to the receiving device employing the selected diversity scheme.

The present disclosure provides example line order detection methods and multi-antenna network devices. One example method includes obtaining preset antenna numbers of a target antenna group. A first uplink received signal strength sequence of each antenna channel is determined based on a first uplink reference signal sequence from a terminal. After an antenna downtilt angle of the target antenna group is adjusted from a first downtilt angle to a second downtilt angle, a second uplink received signal strength sequence of each antenna channel is determined based on a second uplink reference signal sequence from the terminal. Actual antenna numbers of the target antenna group are determined based on the first uplink received signal strength sequence and the second uplink received signal strength sequence of each antenna channel. When the preset antenna numbers are different than the actual antenna numbers, a line order is determined to be incorrect.

An electronic device and a method for performing beam searching by using a multi-polarization array antenna are provided. To this end the electronic device controls one or a plurality of antenna modules to operate such that at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements use beams having different directions at a specific time period, and control the at least two antenna elements to receive, in a corresponding beam direction, reference signals having a unique polarization characteristic supported by the at least two antenna elements.

An electronic device and a method for performing beam searching by using a multi-polarization array antenna are provided. To this end the electronic device controls one or a plurality of antenna modules to operate such that at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements use beams having different directions at a specific time period, and control the at least two antenna elements to receive, in a corresponding beam direction, reference signals having a unique polarization characteristic supported by the at least two antenna elements.

There are provided mechanisms for beam forming using an antenna array comprising dual polarized elements. A method comprises generating one or two beam ports. The one or two beam ports are defined by combining at least two non-overlapping subarrays. Each subarray has two subarray ports. The two subarray ports have identical power patterns and mutually orthogonal polarizations. The at least two non-overlapping subarrays are combined via expansion weights. The expansion weights and map the one or two beam ports to subarray ports such that the one or two beam ports have the same power pattern as the subarrays. At least some of the expansion weights have identical non-zero magnitude and are related in phase to form a transmission lobe. The method comprises transmitting signals using said one or two beam ports.