A conductive layer includes a microwave transformer for scaling the intensity of a microwave signal of a first frequency by a scaling factor. The transformer includes a first physical area delimited with a closed curve on the conductive layer for receiving the microwave signal from a first space angle and re-emitting a ray of the microwave signal to a second space angle. A ratio of the first physical area to the second physical area is smaller than 0.5. The ratio of the first effective area to the first physical area is larger than the ratio of the second effective area to the second physical area. The scaling factor is the ratio of the maximal intensity of the re-emitted ray and the intensity of a ray through an open aperture having a physical area equivalent to the second physical area in the same direction than the re-emitted ray.

Systems and devices are provided in which an RF wireless bridge is employed to facilitate indirect transmission of communication signals between external devices located outside of an electromagnetically shielding enclosure within internal devices located within the enclosure, via the intermediate transmission of RF waves through an RF attenuating window forming a portion of the enclosure. The wireless bridge is formed from a first RF communication device located within the electromagnetically shielding enclosure, and a second RF communication device located outside of the enclosure, where the two RF communication devices are positioned with sufficient proximity such that the wireless bridge facilitates indirect communication through the RF attenuating window despite attenuation of RF energy by the RF attenuating window. In another example embodiment, the electromagnetically shielding enclosure may enclose at least a portion of the first RF communication device to reduce noise that could impact the performance of the magnetic resonance scanner.

Systems and devices are provided in which an RF wireless bridge is employed to facilitate indirect transmission of communication signals between external devices located outside of an electromagnetically shielding enclosure within internal devices located within the enclosure, via the intermediate transmission of RF waves through an RF attenuating window forming a portion of the enclosure. The wireless bridge is formed from a first RF communication device located within the electromagnetically shielding enclosure, and a second RF communication device located outside of the enclosure, where the two RF communication devices are positioned with sufficient proximity such that the wireless bridge facilitates indirect communication through the RF attenuating window despite attenuation of RF energy by the RF attenuating window. In another example embodiment, the electromagnetically shielding enclosure may enclose at least a portion of the first RF communication device to reduce noise that could impact the performance of the magnetic resonance scanner.

A panel to enhance telecommunication signal range includes a base sheet. A reflector on a side of the base sheet reflects a telecommunication signal that is of a predetermined wavelength and that is incident on the base sheet. A reflected telecommunication signal is reflected in a predetermined direction, and the attenuation loss in the reflected telecommunication signal is less than a predetermined threshold. Methods to manufacture such panels are also described.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a repeater may steer a narrow beam in a plurality of directions in a time sequence according to a beam sweep pattern, and retransmit one or more communications between a base station and one or more user equipments (UEs) using at least the narrow beam in the beam sweep pattern. A base station may determine a beam sweep pattern of the repeater based at least in part on feedback from the UEs. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Techniques and apparatuses are described for determining a position of user equipment by using adaptive phase-changing devices. In aspects, a base station transmits wireless signals for a UE toward respective reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) of adaptive phase-changing devices. The APDs may direct reflections of the wireless signals in a direction, such as toward the UE, based on a configuration of the RIS of the APD. The base station receives, from the UE via a wireless connection identifiers of the reflections of the wireless signals that are received by the UE. In some cases, the base station also receives a signal quality parameter associated with the reflection reaching the UE. The base station determines angular information based on the respective identifiers and/or signal quality parameters of the reflections. Based on the angular information and known positions of the APDs, the base station determines a position of the UE.

The invention comprises a device for receiving electromagnetic signal and radiating the signal further. With that device the signal can be repeated on the other side of a barrier, for example a wall, which prevents the signal to propagate. The receiving section (1) of the device has been made as a planar aperture antenna, as well as the re-radiating section (2). The above-mentioned planar aperture antenna has been made so that between the antenna parts of conductive material (6) there is an opening (7) which opens in the propagation direction of the signal (4 and 5). Between the above-mentioned receiving section (1) and the re-radiating section (2) there is a signal transmission section (3) which has been implemented as two parallel conductors (8) with a gap (9). The transitions between the receiving section (1), the signal transmission section (3) and the re-radiating section (2) have been realized in stepless manner without separate connectors.

The invention comprises a device for receiving electromagnetic signal and radiating the signal further. With that device the signal can be repeated on the other side of a barrier, for example a wall, which prevents the signal to propagate. The receiving section (1) of the device has been made as a planar aperture antenna, as well as the re-radiating section (2). The above-mentioned planar aperture antenna has been made so that between the antenna parts of conductive material (6) there is an opening (7) which opens in the propagation direction of the signal (4 and 5). Between the above-mentioned receiving section (1) and the re-radiating section (2) there is a signal transmission section (3) which has been implemented as two parallel conductors (8) with a gap (9). The transitions between the receiving section (1), the signal transmission section (3) and the re-radiating section (2) have been realized in stepless manner without separate connectors.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for communicating with an ad hoc intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). A method that may be performed by a user equipment includes receiving signals from a network entity via an ad hoc IRS; configuring the IRS for communications between the UE and the network entity based at least in part on the received signals; and communicating with the network entity through the IRS.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for communicating with an ad hoc intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). A method that may be performed by a user equipment includes receiving signals from a network entity via an ad hoc IRS; configuring the IRS for communications between the UE and the network entity based at least in part on the received signals; and communicating with the network entity through the IRS.