A hollow core fiber (HCF) link is characterized by structural properties selected to support and sustain light propagation in a fundamental mode and in at least one higher-order mode. Connected to a proximal end of the HCF link, there is a mode coupler configured to couple a data signal into the fundamental mode and to couple an obfuscating signal into the at least one higher-order mode for simultaneous propagation of the data signal and the obfuscating signal on the HCF link, where the obfuscating signal substantially overlaps the data signal in spectral content. At a distal end of the HCF link, there is a mode splitter configured to split a first optical signal detected in the fundamental mode from a second optical signal detected in the at least one higher-order mode.

An optically amplified repeater system includes optical transmission paths, a multi-channel optical amplifier, one or more Raman amplification pumping light sources, and a wavelength multiplexer. The multi-channel optical amplifier includes K simultaneous pumping light sources, N optical amplification media, and one or more optical couplers, and simultaneously amplifies, with the K simultaneous pumping light sources, light intensities of optical signals that pass through the N optical amplification media and propagate through the optical transmission paths. Light intensities of the wavelength band of the optical signals is Raman amplified by the Raman amplification pumping light. A light intensity of the Raman amplification pumping light output from the one or more Raman amplification pumping light sources is determined in accordance with characteristic differences between the optical signals passing through the optical transmission paths.

A multi-core fiber includes: a plurality of cores; and a cladding portion formed around outer peripheries of the cores. Further, the cores each have a propagation characteristic conforming to any one of a plurality of standards for optical propagation characteristics, and of the cores, cores that are closest to each other conform to standards different from each other.

The various embodiments provide an optical transmission system comprising an optical transmitter configured to transmit data over an optical fiber transmission channel made of a multi-core fiber, optical signals carrying the data propagate along the multi-core fiber according to two or more cores, each core being associated with one or more core parameters, wherein the optical transmission system comprises: a scrambling configuration device configured to determine a scrambling function depending on one or more of the core parameters associated with the two or more cores, and at least one scrambling device arranged in the optical fiber transmission channel for scrambling the two or more cores, each of the at least one scrambling device being configured to determine permuted cores by applying the scrambling function to the two or more cores and to redistribute the optical signals according to the permuted cores.

The various embodiments provide an optical transmission system comprising an optical transmitter configured to transmit data over an optical fiber transmission channel made of a multi-core fiber, optical signals carrying the data propagate along the multi-core fiber according to two or more cores, each core being associated with one or more core parameters, wherein the optical transmission system comprises: a scrambling configuration device configured to determine a scrambling function depending on one or more of the core parameters associated with the two or more cores, and at least one scrambling device arranged in the optical fiber transmission channel for scrambling the two or more cores, each of the at least one scrambling device being configured to determine permuted cores by applying the scrambling function to the two or more cores and to redistribute the optical signals according to the permuted cores.

Disclosed are a transmitting method, a receiving method, a transmitting device and a receiving device for interface data. The transmitting method includes: interface data is obtained by the transmitting device via a first USB interface. The interface data is processed to obtain UDP packet by the transmitting device. The UDP packet is transmitted, by the transmitting device, to a first communication module. The UDP packet is transmitted to the receiving device or switch. By adopting the disclosure, ultra-low latency transmission of USB interface data between devices in long-distance transmission can be achieved.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward techniques and configurations for optical couplers comprising a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide coupled to form a 2×2 optical unitary matrix to receive a respective first input optical signal and a second input optical signal. In embodiments the first optical waveguide and second optical waveguide form arms that converge alongside each other to direct the first input optical signal and the second input optical signal along a path that integrates a plurality of tunable phase shifters to transform the first input optical signal or the second input optical signal into a first output optical signal and second output optical signal to be output from the 2×2 optical unitary matrix. Additional embodiments may be described and claimed.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward techniques and configurations for optical couplers comprising a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide coupled to form a 2×2 optical unitary matrix to receive a respective first input optical signal and a second input optical signal. In embodiments the first optical waveguide and second optical waveguide form arms that converge alongside each other to direct the first input optical signal and the second input optical signal along a path that integrates a plurality of tunable phase shifters to transform the first input optical signal or the second input optical signal into a first output optical signal and second output optical signal to be output from the 2×2 optical unitary matrix. Additional embodiments may be described and claimed.

A hybrid sensing-communication system includes a multicore optical fiber that includes first and second cores, a first communication device optically coupled to a first end of the first core of the multicore optical fiber, a second communication device optically coupled to a second end of the first core of the multicore optical fiber, a first sensing device optically coupled to a first end of the second core of the multicore optical fiber, and a second sensing device optically coupled to a second end of the second core of the multicore optical fiber. The first and second communication devices exclusively exchange communication data along the first core, the first and second sensing devices exclusively exchange sensing data along the second core, and the communication data is different from the sensing data.

A hybrid sensing-communication system includes a multicore optical fiber that includes first and second cores, a first communication device optically coupled to a first end of the first core of the multicore optical fiber, a second communication device optically coupled to a second end of the first core of the multicore optical fiber, a first sensing device optically coupled to a first end of the second core of the multicore optical fiber, and a second sensing device optically coupled to a second end of the second core of the multicore optical fiber. The first and second communication devices exclusively exchange communication data along the first core, the first and second sensing devices exclusively exchange sensing data along the second core, and the communication data is different from the sensing data.