[Problem] To provide a novel optical network which can be used as an in-vehicle optical backbone network and exhibits high capacity, low delay, low power consumption, low noise and low cost. [Solution] An optical network system, wherein: a signal processing unit 13 controls a light source 11, and generates an optical signal which includes an information portion to be read by one of the gateway units 5a, and a continuous light portion to be written thereby; a network control unit 15 generates an electrical signal which designates a gate y unit 5a and pertains to whether the information incorporated into the optical signal is to be read or written; and when designated by the electrical signal, each of the gateway units 5a transfers information to and from an electronic control unit 7, and reads information included in the corresponding optical signal or writes information in the continuous light portion, on the basis of the information included in the electrical signal about whether to read or write information.

A battery system includes: a plurality of battery modules including a plurality of battery cells, wherein each battery module comprises a battery module monitor configured to monitor a state of the battery cells; a battery system monitor; and an optical communication system configured to connect the battery module monitors with the battery system monitor over at least two communication paths, wherein the optical communication system is configured to use at least two different wavelengths of light to differentiate between the communication paths.

A battery system includes: a plurality of battery modules including a plurality of battery cells, wherein each battery module comprises a battery module monitor configured to monitor a state of the battery cells; a battery system monitor; and an optical communication system configured to connect the battery module monitors with the battery system monitor over at least two communication paths, wherein the optical communication system is configured to use at least two different wavelengths of light to differentiate between the communication paths.

An intelligence-defined optical tunnel network system includes a plurality of pods. Any one of the pods includes a plurality of optical add-drop sub-systems (OADS), which are configured to perform data transmission, respectively, through a plurality of Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches between a corresponding plurality of servers. Any one of the OADSs includes a first transmission module and a second transmission module. The first transmission module is configured to perform data transmission at a first frequency band, and the first transmission module of any one of the OADSs connected to the first transmission module of the adjacent OADSs to form a first transmission ring. The second transmission module is configured to perform data transmission at a second frequency band differed to the first frequency band, and the second transmission module of any one of the OADSs connected to the second transmission module of the adjacent OADSs to form a second transmission ring.

An intelligence-defined optical tunnel network system includes a plurality of pods. Any one of the pods includes a plurality of optical add-drop sub-systems (OADS), which are configured to perform data transmission, respectively, through a plurality of Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches between a corresponding plurality of servers. Any one of the OADSs includes a first transmission module and a second transmission module. The first transmission module is configured to perform data transmission at a first frequency band, and the first transmission module of any one of the OADSs connected to the first transmission module of the adjacent OADSs to form a first transmission ring. The second transmission module is configured to perform data transmission at a second frequency band differed to the first frequency band, and the second transmission module of any one of the OADSs connected to the second transmission module of the adjacent OADSs to form a second transmission ring.

An optical transceiver module includes an optical transceiver and a controller. The optical transceiver has a ring filter configured to transmit optical signals from or receive optical signals for the optical transceiver module. The controller is configured to: detect a carrier frequency at the optical transceiver; detect a data signal frequency of data at the optical transceiver; determine a bit error rate of the data; and in response to determining that the bit error rate of the data is greater than a threshold, periodically vary a central wavelength of the ring filter at a frequency at least three orders slower than the data signal frequency.

An optical transceiver module includes an optical transceiver and a controller. The optical transceiver has a ring filter configured to transmit optical signals from or receive optical signals for the optical transceiver module. The controller is configured to: detect a carrier frequency at the optical transceiver; detect a data signal frequency of data at the optical transceiver; determine a bit error rate of the data; and in response to determining that the bit error rate of the data is greater than a threshold, periodically vary a central wavelength of the ring filter at a frequency at least three orders slower than the data signal frequency.

In a multi-layer network, a control load in the upper layer network increases, and the usage efficiency and the reliability of the entire network decrease; therefore, a multi-layer network system according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a first network manager configured to set a logical path in a first network layer; and a second network manager configured to set a physical path corresponding to the logical path, in a second network layer, wherein the second network manager includes a network information storage configured to store physical network information including physical route information and transmission characteristic information on the second network layer, and the first network manager sets the logical path based on the physical network information.

In a multi-layer network, a control load in the upper layer network increases, and the usage efficiency and the reliability of the entire network decrease; therefore, a multi-layer network system according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a first network manager configured to set a logical path in a first network layer; and a second network manager configured to set a physical path corresponding to the logical path, in a second network layer, wherein the second network manager includes a network information storage configured to store physical network information including physical route information and transmission characteristic information on the second network layer, and the first network manager sets the logical path based on the physical network information.

Techniques and solutions are described for providing high-availability computing resources to service client requests. Groups of computing nodes are organized into loops, a given loop being configured to execute a particular subset of tasks, such as tasks with a hash value in a particular ranged serviced by a loop. Computing nodes within a loop can evaluate a task request to determine whether the task request conflicts with another task currently assigned to a node. If a computing node which sent out a task request determines that no conflict was identified, it can execute the task request. Communications within a loop can occur unidirectionally, such that a node which initiated a communication will receive the communication from the last loop node. Loops can be connected to form a ribbon, the ribbon providing a namespace for task execution, where hash ranges for the namespace are uniquely assigned to loops of the ribbon.