In a system for converting digital data into a modulated optical signal, an electrically controllable device, including a modulator having one or more actuating electrodes, provides an analog-modulated optical signal that is modulated in response to output data bits of a digital-to-digital mapping. A digital-to-digital conversion provides the mapping of input data words to the output data bits. The mapping enables adjustments to correct for non-linearities and other undesirable characteristics, thereby improving signal quality.

A method for providing an electric waveform at a cryogenic temperatures includes providing an optical signal, which comprises an optical waveform, guiding the optical signal into a cryogenic chamber, and converting the optical waveform of the optical signal into an electric waveform inside the cryogenic chamber.

A method for providing an electric waveform at a cryogenic temperatures includes providing an optical signal, which comprises an optical waveform, guiding the optical signal into a cryogenic chamber, and converting the optical waveform of the optical signal into an electric waveform inside the cryogenic chamber.

An optical device includes an optical coupler that inputs an optical signal received from a light source, a semiconductor optical amplifier that amplifies the optical signal received from the optical coupler, and a light receiving element that receives spontaneous emission light received from the semiconductor optical amplifier. The optical coupler includes a first input port to which the optical signal received from the light source is input, a second input port that is connected to an input stage of the light receiving element and that is different from the first input, and an output port that is connected to an input stage of the semiconductor optical amplifier, and that outputs optical signal received from the first input port to the semiconductor optical amplifier. The light receiving element receives, via the output port and the second input port, spontaneous emission light received from the semiconductor optical amplifier.

A computer memory system includes an electro-optical chip, an electrical fanout chip electrically connected to an electrical interface of the electro-optical chip, and at least one dual in-line memory module (DIMM) slot electrically connected to the electrical fanout chip. A photonic interface of the electro-optical chip is optically connected to an optical link. The electro-optical chip includes at least one optical macro that converts outgoing electrical data signals into outgoing optical data signals for transmission through the optical link. The optical macro also converts incoming optical data signals from the optical link into incoming electrical data signals and transmits the incoming electrical data signals to the electrical fanout chip. The electrical fanout chip directs bi-directional electrical data communication between the electro-optical chip and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) DIMM corresponding to the at least one DIMM slot.

A computer memory system includes an electro-optical chip, an electrical fanout chip electrically connected to an electrical interface of the electro-optical chip, and at least one dual in-line memory module (DIMM) slot electrically connected to the electrical fanout chip. A photonic interface of the electro-optical chip is optically connected to an optical link. The electro-optical chip includes at least one optical macro that converts outgoing electrical data signals into outgoing optical data signals for transmission through the optical link. The optical macro also converts incoming optical data signals from the optical link into incoming electrical data signals and transmits the incoming electrical data signals to the electrical fanout chip. The electrical fanout chip directs bi-directional electrical data communication between the electro-optical chip and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) DIMM corresponding to the at least one DIMM slot.

The present disclosure has an object of proposing a method and a device for estimating the state of a transmission path or an optical transmitter capable of mechanically estimating a factor causing an error with a small amount of constellation data and a low computing amount. The present disclosure provides a device for estimating a state of optical communication, the device including: a data preprocessing unit that reduces the number of data using random sampling with respect to constellation data in which an amplitude and a phase of optical communication data are represented by a polar coordinate diagram and performs distribution calculation and a dimension reduction; a learning unit that learns a dictionary matrix in sparse coding using learning constellation data processed by the data preprocessing unit; and a recognition unit that calculates a sparse coefficient using recognition constellation data processed by the data preprocessing unit and the dictionary matrix learned by the learning unit and estimates a factor causing degradation of the optical communication using the calculated sparse coefficient.

An electronic device may include a proximity sensor for detecting whether an external object is in the vicinity of the device. The proximity sensor may have a light detector and a light source that can be reused for data communications. The light detector may be coupled to optical receiver circuitry, whereas the light source may be coupled to optical transmitter circuitry. The optical transmitter circuitry may include encoding circuits configured to convert electrical signals to optical signals. The optical receiver circuitry may include decoding circuits configured to convert optical signals to electrical signals. The optical signals can be encoded and decoded using pulse width modulation schemes or amplitude modulation schemes.

An electronic device may include a proximity sensor for detecting whether an external object is in the vicinity of the device. The proximity sensor may have a light detector and a light source that can be reused for data communications. The light detector may be coupled to optical receiver circuitry, whereas the light source may be coupled to optical transmitter circuitry. The optical transmitter circuitry may include encoding circuits configured to convert electrical signals to optical signals. The optical receiver circuitry may include decoding circuits configured to convert optical signals to electrical signals. The optical signals can be encoded and decoded using pulse width modulation schemes or amplitude modulation schemes.

Proposed are an optimal operation method of a high-frequency dithering technique for compensating for interference noise in an analog optical transmission-based mobile fronthaul network, and a transmitter using same. An interference noise compensation method using high-frequency phase dithering performed in an analog optical transmission-based mobile fronthaul network may include the steps in which: a frequency-multiplexed wireless signal is converted in an optical transmitter to an intensity-modulated optical signal; and the phase of the optical signal intensity-modulated in the optical transmitter is dithered with an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal.