Methods and apparatus for transmitting audience measurement data or interactive data via a compressed data bitstream are disclosed. Example methods disclosed herein include eliminating a first type of data within a compressed data bitstream, and packing a second type of data within the compressed data bitstream to occupy a first location within the compressed data bitstream from which the first type of data is eliminated. Disclosed example methods also include inserting at least one of audience measurement data or interactive data in a second location within the compressed data bitstream that is expanded as a result of the packing of the second type of data to form a modified compressed data bitstream, and transmitting the modified compressed data bitstream.

A method is disclosed for monitoring the audience of an advertisement over a content distribution system, the advertisement comprising an advertising message associated with an audio content. The method comprises: inserting, within the message, an advertising identifier associated with the advertisement and distributing the audio content with the advertising message to a user of the content distribution system; at a first user device configured to receive the audio content, playing the audio content with the advertising message; at a second user device connected to the first user device and configured to communicate with a data collection server over a data communication network, retrieving a customer identifier uniquely associated with the user; and, during or after playing, sending by the second user device the customer identifier and the advertising identifier extracted from the advertising message to the server to monitor the audience of the advertising message.

Methods and apparatus for monitoring locally inserted media are disclosed. A disclosed system for detecting locally inserted media includes a tag encoder and a media monitoring device at a media presentation location. The tag encoder is to associate an identifying tag with a segment of a media stream carrying local media that was spliced into a primary media stream after the primary media stream was received by an editing station of a media distributor. The media monitoring device is to: detect presentation of the media stream; determine that the segment is local media that was spliced into the primary media stream based on changes in the media stream indicative of transitions between primary media and local media, the changes including changes in identifying tags; and store an indication to credit presentation of the media and to indicate that the media stream includes locally inserted media.

Methods and apparatus for monitoring locally inserted media are disclosed. A disclosed system for detecting locally inserted media includes a tag encoder and a media monitoring device at a media presentation location. The tag encoder is to associate an identifying tag with a segment of a media stream carrying local media that was spliced into a primary media stream after the primary media stream was received by an editing station of a media distributor. The media monitoring device is to: detect presentation of the media stream; determine that the segment is local media that was spliced into the primary media stream based on changes in the media stream indicative of transitions between primary media and local media, the changes including changes in identifying tags; and store an indication to credit presentation of the media and to indicate that the media stream includes locally inserted media.

A mobile device responds in real time to media content presented on a media device, such as a television. The mobile device captures temporal fragments of audio-video content on its microphone, camera, or both and generates corresponding audio-video query fingerprints. The query fingerprints are transmitted to a search server located remotely or used with a search function on the mobile device for content search and identification. Audio features are extracted and audio signal global onset detection is used for input audio frame alignment. Additional audio feature signatures are generated from local audio frame onsets, audio frame frequency domain entropy, and maximum change in the spectral coefficients. Video frames are analyzed to find a television screen in the frames, and a detected active television quadrilateral is used to generate video fingerprints to be combined with audio fingerprints for more reliable content identification.

Apparatus, systems, articles of manufacture, and methods for viewer authentication are disclosed. An example system includes processing circuitry to execute computer readable instructions to send one or more instructions to cause the user device to: trigger collection of audio metering data from a sensed audio signal based on a programming schedule that is to identify when the program is to be broadcast; accept voting data from the user for a ballot presented in the program; transmit the audio metering data; and transmit the voting data. The processing circuitry also is to determine a level of exposure of the user to the program based on the audio metering data received from the user device; calculate a weighting score based on the level of exposure; and adjust the voting data based on the weighting score.

Example device meters disclosed herein include a signature reporter to report, to a data processor, media signatures of a first type to monitor media presented by a media device Disclosed example device meters also include a signature generator to (i) generate the media signatures of the first type, (ii) generate media signatures of a second type, different from the first type, to continue monitoring the media presented by the media device after receipt, from the data processor, of an indication that a first media signature of the first type is associated with first reference media, and (iii) in response to detection at the device meter of a change in a source of the media presented by the media device, revert to generation of the media signatures of the first type to monitor the media presented by the media device.

Example device meters disclosed herein include a signature reporter to report, to a data processor, media signatures of a first type to monitor media presented by a media device Disclosed example device meters also include a signature generator to (i) generate the media signatures of the first type, (ii) generate media signatures of a second type, different from the first type, to continue monitoring the media presented by the media device after receipt, from the data processor, of an indication that a first media signature of the first type is associated with first reference media, and (iii) in response to detection at the device meter of a change in a source of the media presented by the media device, revert to generation of the media signatures of the first type to monitor the media presented by the media device.

.[.A unified system of programming communication. The system encompasses the prior art (television, radio, broadcast hardcopy, computer communications, etc.) and new user specific mass media. Within the unified system, parallel processing computer systems, each having an input (e.g., 77) controlling a plurality of computers (e.g., 205), generate and output user information at receiver stations. Under broadcast control, local computers (73, 205), combine user information selectively into prior art communications to exhibit personalized mass media programming at video monitors (202), speakers (263), printers (221), etc. At intermediate transmission stations (e.g., cable television stations), signals in network broadcasts and from local inputs (74, 77, 97, 98) cause control processors (71) and computers (73) to selectively automate connection and operation of receivers (53), recorder/players (76), computers (73), generators (82), strippers (81), etc. At receiver stations, signals in received transmissions and from local inputs (225, 218, 22) cause control processors (200) and computers (205) to automate connection and operation of converters (201), tuners (215), decryptors (224), recorder/players (217), computers (205), furnaces (206), etc. Processors (71, 200) meter and monitor availability and usage of programming..]. .Iadd.A method is described for controlling a receiver station using stored data specific to a user. By receiving a computer program transmitted from a transmitter station, the computer program is stored at the receiver station. Upon execution of the computer program, the data specific to a user is processed to generate information content at an output device..Iaddend.

Methods and apparatus to detect commercial advertisements associated with media presentations are disclosed. An example method involves receiving a video frame and detecting a change in box-formatting between the video frame and a subsequent video frame. A transition between the video frame and the subsequent video frame is indicated as a commercial advertisement transition based on the detected change in box-formatting.