This application discloses a communications system, a communication method, and an apparatus thereof. The system includes: a multicast session management network element, an access and mobility management network element and a user plane function network element. The multicast session management network element sends a first multicast session request carrying a multicast session context to the access and mobility management network element to request to establish a multicast session based on the multicast session context; and sends a second multicast session request to the user plane function network element, where the second multicast session request carries user plane forwarding-related information indicating a user plane forwarding rule of the multicast session. The access and mobility management network element sends the first multicast session request to an access network node. The user plane function network element sets, based on the user plane forwarding-related information, the user plane forwarding rule of the multicast session.

Systems and methods are provided for reducing network traffic in a mesh network by reducing the number of status messages communicated over the network. The nodes of the network can provide status information to a gateway based on each node's distance from the gateway. The closer nodes respond to the request from the gateway first and then the farther nodes respond to the request. When a node is ready to transmit a status message with status information to the gateway, the node sends the message to the nodes in communication with the transmitting node. One of the closer nodes that receives the message then forwards the message to additional nodes in communication with the forwarding node, while the other nodes that received the message do not forward the message. The process of forwarding messages by a single closer node is repeated until the status information is received by the gateway.

A vehicle includes: a communication device; an audio device; a global positioning system; and a control device configured to receive radio station information from a server through the communication device, the radio station information including information on a plurality of areas, radio frequencies for each of the plurality of areas, and a plurality of radio station names corresponding to each of the radio frequencies, identify location information of the vehicle based on a signal received through the global positioning system, receive a first signal of a first radio frequency through the audio device, and change a setting of a radio frequency of the audio device, based on the first radio frequency, the radio station information, and the location information of the vehicle, in response to a field strength of the first signal being equal to or less than a reference field strength.

A vehicle includes: a communication device; an audio device; a global positioning system; and a control device configured to receive radio station information from a server through the communication device, the radio station information including information on a plurality of areas, radio frequencies for each of the plurality of areas, and a plurality of radio station names corresponding to each of the radio frequencies, identify location information of the vehicle based on a signal received through the global positioning system, receive a first signal of a first radio frequency through the audio device, and change a setting of a radio frequency of the audio device, based on the first radio frequency, the radio station information, and the location information of the vehicle, in response to a field strength of the first signal being equal to or less than a reference field strength.

A method of processing an emergency alert in a broadcast receiver includes receiving a broadcast signal including an emergency alert table, the emergency alert table including an emergency alert text related to an emergency alert message, information for identifying a viewing target for the emergency alert message and emergency-related broadcast service information for an emergency-related broadcast service, decoding the emergency alert table, displaying the emergency alert text in the decoded emergency alert table, and displaying an additional content related to the emergency alert message. The broadcast signal further includes wake-up information that includes 2 bits representing at least a first wake-up notification of a first emergency or a second wake-up notification of a second emergency different from the first wake-up notification of the first emergency.

A method of processing an emergency alert in a broadcast receiver includes receiving a broadcast signal including an emergency alert table, the emergency alert table including an emergency alert text related to an emergency alert message, information for identifying a viewing target for the emergency alert message and emergency-related broadcast service information for an emergency-related broadcast service, decoding the emergency alert table, displaying the emergency alert text in the decoded emergency alert table, and displaying an additional content related to the emergency alert message. The broadcast signal further includes wake-up information that includes 2 bits representing at least a first wake-up notification of a first emergency or a second wake-up notification of a second emergency different from the first wake-up notification of the first emergency.

Network initiated re-authorization for coverage enhancement It is provided a method, comprising checking if a device is authorized for initiating an access in an extended coverage; inhibiting the device to initiate the access while the device camps in the extended coverage and the device is not authorized for the initiating of the access in the extended coverage; monitoring if a paging message for the device is received while the device camps in the extended coverage, wherein the paging message is to initiate a signaling access in the extended coverage for a signaling procedure to get the latest status of coverage authorization; allowing the device to initiate the signaling access while the device camps in the extended coverage if the paging message is received.

The disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rates than 4G communication systems such as LTE systems. According to an embodiment, a method for receiving a multicast service by a UE in a wireless communication system comprises receiving, from an application function (AF), a multicast service announcement message including first information related to a local multicast and broadcast service (MBS), identifying that the UE is located in a local MBS area, and transmitting, to an access and mobility management function (AMF), a multicast session join request message for joining a multicast session for the local MBS, the multicast session join request message including second information corresponding to the first information.

Some embodiments herein disclose a network node (QQ160) for handling communication in a narrowband internet of things network or a machine type communication network. The network node is configured to transmit an indication to a user equipment, UE, (QQ110) while the UE (QQ110) is in a connected mode or is released from the connected mode, wherein the indication indicates an update of at least a part of a system information, SI, of a service area of the narrowband internet of things network or the machine type communication network.

A system is provided for scheduling for a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN). The system includes a central control configured to promote a plurality of enhanced node Bs (ENBs) transmitting one or more multicast traffic channels (MTCHs). The one or more MTCHs are provided during a variable scheduling period (SP) and include a data portion that contains MBSFN traffic content and a variable scheduling portion that contains scheduling information related to the MBSFN traffic content.