Disclosed examples determine a duplicated audience size representative of panelists exposed to television media and digital media; determine a panel duplication reach based on the duplicated audience size and a panelist population; determine a did-not-view reach based on a television audience size, a digital audience size, the duplicated audience size, and the panelist population; obtain an overlap multiplier as a ratio of (1) a product of the panel duplication reach and the did-not-view reach and (2) a product of a television panel reach and a digital panel reach; determine a duplication factor for a media item based on a television audience reach, a digital audience reach, and the overlap multiplier; and determine a total audience for the media item based on the television audience reach, the digital audience reach, and the duplication factor.

An example apparatus includes a first query processor to obtain a first hash key, first qualifier data and first value data associated with the first hash key, the first value data including a second hash key and a third hash key; a candidate qualifier to use the first value data to prequalify the first hash key as a candidate for subsequent signature processing associated with a first site signature, the candidate qualifier to: determine prequalification of the first hash key is successful in response to a determination that the second hash key matches a second site signature preceding the first site signature in time and that the third hash key matches a third site signature following the first site signature in time; and determine the prequalification of the first hash key is unsuccessful in response to a determination that at least one of the second hash key fails to match the second site signature or the third hash key fails to match the third site signature.

An example apparatus includes a first query processor to obtain a first hash key, first qualifier data and first value data associated with the first hash key, the first value data including a second hash key and a third hash key; a candidate qualifier to use the first value data to prequalify the first hash key as a candidate for subsequent signature processing associated with a first site signature, the candidate qualifier to: determine prequalification of the first hash key is successful in response to a determination that the second hash key matches a second site signature preceding the first site signature in time and that the third hash key matches a third site signature following the first site signature in time; and determine the prequalification of the first hash key is unsuccessful in response to a determination that at least one of the second hash key fails to match the second site signature or the third hash key fails to match the third site signature.

Methods, apparatus, and systems to collect audience measurement data are disclosed. Disclosed example systems include first means for processing to collect (i) first media identification data corresponding to a first time period and (ii) second media identification data corresponding to a second time period after the first time period, the first media identification data and the second media identification data associated with a monitored location and second means for processing to develop behavior data based on the first media identification data and people meter data collected during the first time period with a people meter associated with the monitored location, the people meter to be deactivated during the second time period and identify an audience member associated with the second media identification data based on the behavior data and without access to any people meter data corresponding to the second time period.

Methods, apparatus, and systems to collect audience measurement data are disclosed. Disclosed example systems include first means for processing to collect (i) first media identification data corresponding to a first time period and (ii) second media identification data corresponding to a second time period after the first time period, the first media identification data and the second media identification data associated with a monitored location and second means for processing to develop behavior data based on the first media identification data and people meter data collected during the first time period with a people meter associated with the monitored location, the people meter to be deactivated during the second time period and identify an audience member associated with the second media identification data based on the behavior data and without access to any people meter data corresponding to the second time period.

Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement an addressable measurement framework are disclosed. Example apparatus disclosed herein perform a common homes analysis of provider data and panel data to determine a coverage footprint associated with the provider data, the provider data including at least one of return path data reported by a plurality of set-top boxes or automatic content recognition data reported by a plurality of smart media devices, and the panel data reported by media device meters. Disclosed example apparatus also weight a portion of the provider data based on the common homes analysis, weight a portion of the panel data based on the common homes analysis, and calculate an addressable advertisement rating based on the weighted portion of the provider data and the weighted portion of the panel data.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to credit media based on the presentation rate. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes memory and instructions. The example apparatus disclosed herein further includes at least one processor to execute the instructions to cause the at least one processor to at least detect a first peak in a first frequency range of audio data associated with monitored media, detect a second peak in a second frequency range of the audio data, the second frequency range different from the first frequency range, detect that a presentation rate of the monitored media is increased relative to a reference version of the media in response to the second peak being greater than the first peak, generate a signature corresponding to the monitored media, and transmit the signature to a media monitoring entity to credit the monitored media based on the presentation rate.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to determine whether a smart device is in-tab are disclosed. An example apparatus includes memory; instructions in the apparatus; and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: provide smart television data from a smart television as an input to a model to generate an output, the smart television data being included in population data from a population of smart televisions; determine a tab status of the smart television based on the output; in response to the tab status of the smart television being out-of-tab, remove the smart television data from the population data; and credit media based on the population data.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to determine whether a smart device is in-tab are disclosed. An example apparatus includes memory; instructions in the apparatus; and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: provide smart television data from a smart television as an input to a model to generate an output, the smart television data being included in population data from a population of smart televisions; determine a tab status of the smart television based on the output; in response to the tab status of the smart television being out-of-tab, remove the smart television data from the population data; and credit media based on the population data.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed herein to identify media presentation by analyzing network traffic. Example instructions cause a machine to generate a traffic profile to reduce a computational burden of identifying streaming media being presented on a media presentation device, the traffic profile including first network traffic data indicative of the streaming media; obtain the traffic profile and second network traffic data corresponding to the streaming media; and generate, in response to a score for the second network traffic data meeting a threshold of similarity, a network traffic analysis report identifying the streaming media being presented on the media presentation device.