Disclosed examples determine a duplicated audience size representative of panelists exposed to television media and digital media; determine a panel duplication reach based on the duplicated audience size and a panelist population; determine a did-not-view reach based on a television audience size, a digital audience size, the duplicated audience size, and the panelist population; obtain an overlap multiplier as a ratio of (1) a product of the panel duplication reach and the did-not-view reach and (2) a product of a television panel reach and a digital panel reach; determine a duplication factor for a media item based on a television audience reach, a digital audience reach, and the overlap multiplier; and determine a total audience for the media item based on the television audience reach, the digital audience reach, and the duplication factor.

Disclosed examples determine a duplicated audience size representative of panelists exposed to television media and digital media; determine a panel duplication reach based on the duplicated audience size and a panelist population; determine a did-not-view reach based on a television audience size, a digital audience size, the duplicated audience size, and the panelist population; obtain an overlap multiplier as a ratio of (1) a product of the panel duplication reach and the did-not-view reach and (2) a product of a television panel reach and a digital panel reach; determine a duplication factor for a media item based on a television audience reach, a digital audience reach, and the overlap multiplier; and determine a total audience for the media item based on the television audience reach, the digital audience reach, and the duplication factor.

A server system accesses a profile of a user of the media-providing service. The profile indicates a demographic group of the user. For each media item of a plurality of media items, the server system determines a year associated with the media item. The server system selects content for the user based at least in part on an affinity of members of the demographic group, as compared to members of other demographic groups, for content from the year associated with the media item. The server system provides the selected content to a client device associated with the user.

A server system accesses a profile of a user of the media-providing service. The profile indicates a demographic group of the user. For each media item of a plurality of media items, the server system determines a year associated with the media item. The server system selects content for the user based at least in part on an affinity of members of the demographic group, as compared to members of other demographic groups, for content from the year associated with the media item. The server system provides the selected content to a client device associated with the user.

Systems, methods, devices, and computer program products provide social and interactive applications for mass media based on real time ambient-audio and/or video identification. In some implementations, a method includes: receiving descriptors identifying ambient audio associated with a media broadcast; comparing the descriptors to one or more reference descriptors; and determining a rating for the media broadcast based at least in part on the results of the comparison.

Image data relating to real-world objects or persons is collected from a scene while collecting audio data relating to the real-world objects or persons from the same scene. The audio data is used to derive sound objects corresponding to the real-world objects or persons. The image data is used to derive video objects corresponding to the real-world objects or persons. Based on the sound objects and the video objects, candidate salient objects are generated. A salient object is selected from among the candidate salient objects. Perceptual enhancement operations are performed on the selected salient object.

An ad in a movie can be a static ad having a position in the movie that cannot be moved, or a dynamic ad having a position in the movie that can be changed. When a viewer wishes to skip a portion of the movie containing the ad, the playback system determines whether the ad is static or dynamic. If the ad is static, only the portion of the movie preceding the static ad can be skipped; the ad is unskippable. This technique is referred to as “bounceback” since the end of the skip bounces back to the start of the static ad. If the ad is dynamic, it is moved to after the end of the skip. This technique is referred to as “slip-ad” since the ad slips to later in the movie. When a movie has multiple ads, some can be static and some can be dynamic.

An ad in a movie can be a static ad having a position in the movie that cannot be moved, or a dynamic ad having a position in the movie that can be changed. When a viewer wishes to skip a portion of the movie containing the ad, the playback system determines whether the ad is static or dynamic. If the ad is static, only the portion of the movie preceding the static ad can be skipped; the ad is unskippable. This technique is referred to as “bounceback” since the end of the skip bounces back to the start of the static ad. If the ad is dynamic, it is moved to after the end of the skip. This technique is referred to as “slip-ad” since the ad slips to later in the movie. When a movie has multiple ads, some can be static and some can be dynamic.

Disclosed example audience measurement apparatus determine a first audience metric based on set-top box return path tuning data obtained from set-top boxes located in a first geographic area; determine a second audience metric from a portion of audience measurement data corresponding to a second geographic area, the portion of the audience measurement data associated with monitored sites in the second geographic area having second set-top box characteristics that correspond with first set-top box characteristics of the set-top boxes located in the first geographic area; determine ratios of (i) respective first audience metrics determined for respective demographic stratifications to (ii) corresponding second audience metrics determined for the respective demographic stratifications; and combine the ratios after multiplication with third audience metrics determined, for the respective demographic stratifications, from the audience measurement data to determine an audience exposure metric that estimates exposure to media in the first geographic area.

Disclosed example audience measurement apparatus determine a first audience metric based on set-top box return path tuning data obtained from set-top boxes located in a first geographic area; determine a second audience metric from a portion of audience measurement data corresponding to a second geographic area, the portion of the audience measurement data associated with monitored sites in the second geographic area having second set-top box characteristics that correspond with first set-top box characteristics of the set-top boxes located in the first geographic area; determine ratios of (i) respective first audience metrics determined for respective demographic stratifications to (ii) corresponding second audience metrics determined for the respective demographic stratifications; and combine the ratios after multiplication with third audience metrics determined, for the respective demographic stratifications, from the audience measurement data to determine an audience exposure metric that estimates exposure to media in the first geographic area.