Embodiments are directed to dynamic frequency selection (DFS) for wake up radio (WUR). An embodiment of a storage medium includes instructions to cause operations including select, by a primary access point (AP), a surrogate AP to communicate with a wake up radio of a station that is associated with the primary AP operating on a Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) channel; provide, by the primary AP to the surrogate AP, wake up radio parameters negotiated between the station and the primary AP; cause, by the primary AP, the surrogate AP to send a wake up signal to the station, the wake up signal to cause the wake up radio of the station to enable a primary connectivity radio of the station; and exchange, by the primary AP, data with the station via the primary connectivity radio after the primary connectivity radio is enabled.

Provided are a data transmission method and device. The method includes that a terminal sends uplink data in a grant-free manner, detects grant information within a target time window and generates a detection result, the grant information being used for indicating configuration information about a data transmission channel, and the terminal determines, according to the detection result, whether to repeatedly send the uplink data. The embodiments of the present invention facilitate the reduction of a data transmission delay and improve the efficiency, intelligence and stability of data transmission.

A sequenced transmit muting wideband power amplifier is provided that includes at least one pre-driver stage having at least a first pre-driver and a second pre-driver. A mute switch selectively establishes a communication path between the first and second pre-drivers or couples the second pre-driver to a termination resistor. A pre-driver switch selectively activates/deactivates the first and second pre-drivers. A driver stage is in communication with the pre-driver stage and includes a first driver. A final amplifier stage is in communication with the driver stage and includes at least one second driver. At least one S-NBS switch is configured to selectively activate/deactivate the first driver and second driver. A controller is configured to activate the at least one pre-driver switch, the mute switch, the at least one S-NBS switch to selectively place the amplifier in one of a transmit mode and a mute mode.

A sequenced transmit muting wideband power amplifier is provided that includes at least one pre-driver stage having at least a first pre-driver and a second pre-driver. A mute switch selectively establishes a communication path between the first and second pre-drivers or couples the second pre-driver to a termination resistor. A pre-driver switch selectively activates/deactivates the first and second pre-drivers. A driver stage is in communication with the pre-driver stage and includes a first driver. A final amplifier stage is in communication with the driver stage and includes at least one second driver. At least one S-NBS switch is configured to selectively activate/deactivate the first driver and second driver. A controller is configured to activate the at least one pre-driver switch, the mute switch, the at least one S-NBS switch to selectively place the amplifier in one of a transmit mode and a mute mode.

A network device (100) is included in a ring-type network system (500) which selects a time master. A link processing unit (20) generates a link for communicating a frame. The link processing unit (20) has a frame discarding function of discarding the frame in order to avoid a broadcast storm. A path control unit (108) generates a time distribution path starting at and terminating at a time master, clockwise and counterclockwise of the time master. The path control unit (108) communicates a time synchronization message out of the frame, the synchronization message being used for time synchronization of a plurality of network devices (100). A filtering unit (103), upon acquisition of the time synchronization message, makes the time synchronization message to pass through regardless of the frame discarding function.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to achieving better tradeoffs between battery saving and latency to, e.g., support ultra-low latency applications by introducing soft Discontinuous Reception (DRX). In some embodiments, a method of operation of a wireless device in a wireless communications network comprises monitoring, during a DRX awake period, two or more control channel subsets during two or more time periods within the DRX awake period, respectively. The two or more control channel subsets are different subsets of a plurality of candidate control channels. In some embodiments, the two or more time periods are two or more subframes. The candidate control channels are control channels that the wireless device is configured to monitor. The two or more control channel subsets can be selected to, e.g., reduce latency while not increasing energy consumption as compared to legacy DRX.

A sequenced transmit muting wideband power amplifier is provided that includes at least one pre-driver stage having at least a first pre-driver and a second pre-driver. A mute switch selectively establishes a communication path between the first and second pre-drivers or couples the second pre-driver to a termination resistor. A pre-driver switch selectively activates/deactivates the first and second pre-drivers. A driver stage is in communication with the pre-driver stage and includes a first driver. A final amplifier stage is in communication with the driver stage and includes at least one second driver. At least one S-NBS switch is configured to selectively activate/deactivate the first driver and second driver. A controller is configured to activate the at least one pre-driver switch, the mute switch, the at least one S-NBS switch to selectively place the amplifier in one of a transmit mode and a mute mode.

A sequenced transmit muting wideband power amplifier is provided that includes at least one pre-driver stage having at least a first pre-driver and a second pre-driver. A mute switch selectively establishes a communication path between the first and second pre-drivers or couples the second pre-driver to a termination resistor. A pre-driver switch selectively activates/deactivates the first and second pre-drivers. A driver stage is in communication with the pre-driver stage and includes a first driver. A final amplifier stage is in communication with the driver stage and includes at least one second driver. At least one S-NBS switch is configured to selectively activate/deactivate the first driver and second driver. A controller is configured to activate the at least one pre-driver switch, the mute switch, the at least one S-NBS switch to selectively place the amplifier in one of a transmit mode and a mute mode.

A digital repeater system for repeating RF signals comprises: a receiving section for receiving an RF input signal, the RF input signal comprising at least one frequency band including a multiplicity of subbands associated with a multiplicity of communication channels; and at least one transmitting section for transmitting the RF output signal. The receiving section is constituted to digitize the RF input signal to obtain a digital input signal and to isolate, within the digital input signal, the multiplicity of subbands from each other to obtain a multiplicity of digital subband signals. The at least one transmitting section is constituted to combine the digital subband signals to obtain a digital output signal and to convert the digital output signal to an RF output signal. In addition, the receiving section comprises a power profile estimation unit for determining a power estimate for each digital subband signal associated with the multiplicity of subbands and a muting device for muting a digital subband signal of a particular subband based on the power estimate. In this way a digital repeater system for repeating RF signals is provided which allows for a detection of unused portions of a frequency band in order to improve the performance of the overall system.

A protection switching method, including sending, by a first end node, a first protection switching request message to an intermediate node in response to a fault occurring on a working path between the first end node and a second end node, wherein a protection path of the working path comprises the first end node, the second end node, and at least one intermediate node, receiving, by the first end node, a second protection switching request message from the intermediate node, and switching service data to the protection path for transmission in response to receiving the second protection switching request message, where one overhead frame of each of the first and second protection switching request messages has at least two overhead information groups, and each of the at least two overhead information groups comprises a request type field, a request signal identifier field, and a bridge flag field.