A relay for a telecommunications system comprises a decoder which responds to received blocks corresponding to successive code words x.sub.S,t transmitted simultaneously by sources during T time slots. At each slot t, t=1, . . . , T, a code word x.sub.S,t comprises B blocks x.sub.S,t.sup.(1), x.sub.S,t.sup.(2), . . . , x.sub.S,t.sup.(B). The first can be decoded independently of the other blocks, to estimate for each source code words x.sub.S,t. It also comprises a detector which detects messages that have been decoded without error and takes a decision and an encoder and transmitter which encodes a signal and transmits it to the destination, which signal is representative only of messages that have been decoded without error. When estimating, the decoder takes account of a signal transmitted by another relay representative of messages from the sources that were decoded without error by that relay. The encoder and transmitter is under the control of the detector in accordance with a selection scheme, after each received block.

Approaches for ground-based beamforming for a very high throughput wireless communications system employing an airborne platform that generates a beam pattern via a multi-element antenna are provided. A beamformer includes a number of beamforming processors based on a frequency reuse scheme of the communications system. Each beamforming processor processes only the beam signals that are associated with a respective one of the frequencies of the reuse scheme, and thereby generates a component element signal for each of the elements of the array antenna that is associated with the respective frequency of that processor. Each beamforming processor applies a matrix of complex weights that is configured such that a composition of the component element signals for each antenna element facilitates the transmission of the element signals by the airborne platform to produce the beam pattern.

Approaches for ground-based beamforming for a very high throughput wireless communications system employing an airborne platform that generates a beam pattern via a multi-element antenna are provided. A beamformer includes a number of beamforming processors based on a frequency reuse scheme of the communications system. Each beamforming processor processes only the beam signals that are associated with a respective one of the frequencies of the reuse scheme, and thereby generates a component element signal for each of the elements of the array antenna that is associated with the respective frequency of that processor. Each beamforming processor applies a matrix of complex weights that is configured such that a composition of the component element signals for each antenna element facilitates the transmission of the element signals by the airborne platform to produce the beam pattern.

The present invention provides an asynchronous data multiplexing method and device. The method includes the following steps: acquiring status flag, serial number, and data information of each branch data; performing asynchronous data buffering processing on the data information of each branch data according to preset channel transmission bit-serial number to obtain buffered data of each branch; then determining each branch data according to the status flag, if the status flag is valid identification information, a flag bit corresponding to a frame header is set according to the valid identification information, and the buffered data of the current branch data is added to a corresponding position of the data part by bit; and if the status flag is invalid identification information, the flag bit corresponding to the frame header is kept unchanged.

The present invention provides an asynchronous data multiplexing method and device. The method includes the following steps: acquiring status flag, serial number, and data information of each branch data; performing asynchronous data buffering processing on the data information of each branch data according to preset channel transmission bit-serial number to obtain buffered data of each branch; then determining each branch data according to the status flag, if the status flag is valid identification information, a flag bit corresponding to a frame header is set according to the valid identification information, and the buffered data of the current branch data is added to a corresponding position of the data part by bit; and if the status flag is invalid identification information, the flag bit corresponding to the frame header is kept unchanged.

A methods, base station, wireless device and candidate relay device for supporting a D2D communication between a first wireless device and a second wireless device over a relay. The base station receives (302) from the first device an identity of a candidate relay wireless device and a first quality metric (G.sub.eq) pertaining to a first relay link between the first device and the candidate relay device and to a second relay link between the second device and the candidate relay device. The base station also obtains (304) a second quality metric (G12) pertaining to a D2D link between the first and second devices, and a third quality metric (G1 BS) pertaining to a cellular link between the base station and the first device. When the first quality metric (G.sub.eq) indicates a better link quality than both the second metric (G12) and the third metric (G1 BS), the base station selects (310) a relay mode for the D2D communication with the candidate relay device as the relay and instructs the involved devices accordingly.

A wireless relay device that performs relay of encrypted data over a wireless network, the wireless relay device, includes: a determiner that determines whether or not there is an abnormality using first data which is transmitted to its own device from wireless devices belonging to a preset section among wireless devices joining the wireless network; a transmission controller that transmits second data indicating a result of the determination of the determiner to a preset transmission destination; and an encryption processor that decrypts the first data and encrypts the second data transmitted by the transmission controller.

A dynamic hierarchical cellular system implementing multi-hop encapsulation, wherein in at least one message destined for an individual base station functionality, the individual base station functionality's header is encapsulated within an individual mobile station functionality's header, so as to allow said message to be routed by said router to the individual base station functionality, via the individual mobile station functionality.

The present application discloses an add/drop multiplexer, including a first line board and a tributary board, where the first line board includes at least a first interface and a second interface, the first interface is disposed between the tributary board and the first line board, and the second interface is disposed on a network side of the first line board; the first line board is configured to output a first signal received from a first link through the second interface; the first line board is configured to output a second signal received from the first link to the tributary board through the first interface; and the first line board is configured to receive a third signal from the tributary board through the first interface, and input the third signal into the first link. An inter-board interface on a link is effectively eliminated, thereby improving a link bandwidth of a device.

Method and arrangement for providing delay information to synchronization packets passing a transport network node. In a transport network node synchronization packets propagate from a synchronization master node towards boundary clock nodes. The synchronization packets pass the transport network node, in which the synchronization packets are received, and a level of delay is determined. Furthermore, when the level of delay for the synchronization packets is above a threshold, the synchronization packets are marked with a delay indication. The received synchronization packets are sent to the boundary clock node or ordinary clock node, whether or not they are marked. By implementing functionality for determining a level of delay of synchronization packets, and marking passing synchronization packets with delay indications, boundary clock nodes and ordinary clock nodes may differentiate the received synchronization packets based on the delay identifications. Thereby, improved accuracy may be achieved when calculating time synchronization offsets.