A session management apparatus including: a reception unit configured to receive, from a user plane apparatus, a time offset between a TSN time of a TSN time domain and a 5G time, and identification information of the TSN time domain; and a transmission unit configured to transmit, to a base station apparatus, a TSC assistance information determined based on the time offset and the identification information of the TSN time domain.

Provided are a clock synchronization method, system and device, and a storage medium. The method includes that: in a case where a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) message is received, attribute information of a PTP port is determined according to the PTP port of the received PTP message, wherein the attribute information includes at least one of the following: clock node configuration type, high-precision mode or non-high-precision mode, non-high-precision ingress correction field (cf) modification mark or non-high-precision egress cf modification mark, and asymmetric compensation value; and clock synchronization is performed on the PTP message according to the attribute information of the PTP port.

A system for maintaining a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) hardware clock, the system being operative in conjunction with a network device which is external to the system, the system comprising a controller to receive information characterizing a network peer oscillator frequency, wherein the information was extracted from an RX symbol rate, and to adjust the PTP Hardware Clock's frequency responsive to the information characterizing the network peer oscillator frequency.

A session management apparatus including: a reception unit configured to receive, from a user plane apparatus, time comparison information between a TSN time of a TSN time domain and a 5G time, and identification information of the TSN time domain; and a transmission unit configured to transmit, to a base station apparatus, TSN assistance information determined based on the time comparison information and identification information of a TSN stream for each of one or more TSN streams that belong to the TSN time domain.

A method, network node and core network node are provided. According to one aspect, a network node configured to communicate with a wireless device via an access network is provided. The network node includes processing circuitry configured to receive at least one parameter from a core network node where the at least one parameter indicates a level of synchronization accuracy that is required for a time sensitive network, TSN, clock in a TSN, and implement one of a plurality of methods in the access network for distributing access network clock information to the wireless device and for determining downlink propagation delay information based on the level of synchronization accuracy for the TSN clock where each method is associated with a different level of synchronization accuracy for the access network clock.

Apparatus, methods, and computer-readable media for facilitating time synchronization functionality at user equipment are disclosed herein. An example method for wireless communication at a first device includes transmitting, to a second device, capability information indicating that the first device is capable of operating as a PTP grand master clock. The example method also includes receiving, from the second device, one or more PTP parameters based on the capability information indicating that the first device is capable of operating as a PTP grand master clock. Additionally, the example method includes generating, based on the one or more PTP parameters received from the second device, a first PTP message including time information. Further, the example method includes transmitting the first PTP message including the time information to one or more downstream devices in communication with the first device.

Provided are a method for performing port configuration of a 5G system (5GS) for providing a time synchronization service, and a network entity performing the same. A method for performing port configuration may include: when a grandmaster (GM) is determined to be a Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) GM outside the 5GS, performing, by a Network Exposure Function (NEF), port configuration of the 5GS in a Best Master Clock Algorithm (BMCA) scheme; and when the GM is determined to be a 5GS GM inside the 5GS, or the TSN GM outside the 5GS that does not support the BMCA, performing, by the NEF, port configuration of the 5GS in an external port configuration scheme.

This application discloses a clock synchronization mode indication method and a communication apparatus, and relates to the communications field, so that a communication device in a 5G communication system obtains a clock synchronization mode. The clock synchronization mode indication method includes: A session management function network element obtains first indication information, where the first indication information indicates a clock synchronization mode used in a communication system in which a terminal device and a user plane function network element are located. The session management function network element sends the first indication information to the terminal device.

A transmission includes an input shaft coupled to a prime mover, a countershaft, main shaft, and an output shaft, with gears between the countershaft and the main shaft. A shift actuator selectively couples the input shaft to the main shaft by rotatably coupling gears between the countershaft and the main shaft. The shift actuator is mounted on an exterior wall of a housing including the countershaft and the main shaft. An integrated actuator housing includes a single external power access for the shift actuator. A controller interprets a shaft displacement angle, determines if the transmission is in an imminent zero or zero torque region, and performs a transmission operation in response to the transmission in the imminent zero or zero torque region.

This application provides a communication method and a communications device. One example method includes: receiving, by a first communications device, first information from a third communications device; and sending, by the third communications device, the first information to the first communications device.