Methods and devices are disclosed for encoding and transmitting data sequences for low data rate applications. An encoded data sequence is transformed and used to shape a multi-carrier pulse to create a narrow-band signal for transmission. Time domain tails of the narrow-band signal may be removed to decrease overhead. The data may be first encoded to create a sparse modulated data sequence. Multi-carrier pulse shaping may be carried out using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) techniques. Alternatively, single carrier pulse shaping may be used to create the narrow-band signal.

A wireless device receives a downlink grant for reception of a transport block associated with a first downlink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process of a cell. A downlink HARQ round-trip-time timer of the first downlink HARQ process of the cell is started in response to receiving the downlink grant. The starting the downlink HARQ round-trip-time timer increases a number of running downlink HARQ round-trip-time timers of downlink HARQ processes of the cell to a first number. Monitoring of a control channel for the cell is stopped in response to the first number being equal to a second number.

Forward error correction encoding is applied to a first stream of input bits associated with a first data layer to generate a first stream of coded bits. The first steam of coded bits is mapped to K1 binary streams. A first layer-specific set of stream-specific modulators are applied to the K1 binary streams to generate K1 independent complex-valued symbol streams. The symbol streams are transmitted using T1 resource elements out of N1 resource elements. The T1 resource elements are defined by a first layer-specific signature of length N1, where 1T1<N1. The same process may also be carried out for a second stream of input bits associated with a second data layer using a second layer-specific set of stream-specific modulators and a second layer-specific signature, which may differ from the first layer-specific signature in terms of sparsity pattern and/or sparsity level.

The present invention focuses a system and or a complex synthetic method, which considering any not orthogonal, independent plurality signals with limited frequency bandwidth, not greater than any f0 central frequency, allows to develop a resultant complex signal with limited frequency bandwidth, not greater than any relative f0 central frequency instead of the one sum of all the relative plurality independent not orthogonal signals frequency bandwidths. The resultant complex signal is the linear combination of orthogonal complex signals plurality. Each one of such orthogonal complex signals is characterized by a limited frequency bandwidth, not greater than any relative f0, and each is in bijection with the relative independent not orthogonal signal considered in the beginning

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to communication systems, and more particularly, to single-carrier waveform generation for transmission. An exemplary method generally includes concatenating a first sequence of data samples with samples of a known sequence to generate a first series of samples, performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the first series of samples to generate a first series of frequency-domain samples, mapping the first series of frequency-domain samples and first zero values to first tones of a system bandwidth, performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the mapped first series of frequency-domain samples and the mapped first zero values to generate first time-domain samples of a first orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and transmitting the first OFDM symbol as a single-carrier waveform in a first period.

Examples described herein include devices and systems utilizing backscatter communication to generate transmissions in accordance with wireless communication protocols. Examples are described including single sideband operation, generation of a carrier wave using Bluetooth, downlink communication to a backscatter device, and combinations thereof.

Various aspects described herein relate to techniques for using orthogonal demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) for downlink control channels in wireless communications systems. In an aspect, a method for a user equipment (UE) includes receiving one or more DMRSs over a multi-symbol downlink control channel. The method may further include identifying a time-first control channel element (CCE)-to-resource element group (REG) mapping for the multi-symbol downlink control channel, and identifying an orthogonal DMRS of the one or more DMRSs based on the time-first CCE-to-REG mapping, and decoding the multi-symbol downlink control channel based on at least the identified orthogonal DMRS.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a new radio (NR) single symbol design in which reference signals and data tones are frequency division multiplexed (FDM). In a particular aspect of the disclosure, a different encoding sequence is assigned to each possible value of an information element (IE) such that a minimum distance between encoding sequences corresponding to any pair of possible values is maximized. A symbol corresponding to a particular value of the IE is then transmitted. Here, the symbol is configured according to a sequence selected from a set of sequences corresponding to the particular value of the IE, such that the symbol comprises a plurality of reference signals FDM with a plurality of FDM resource elements.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to wireless communication systems configured to provide techniques for utilizing a one-symbol space-time block code (STBC) process to encode control information for transmission on an uplink control channel. The one-symbol STBC process produces two code blocks, each for transmission on a different antenna. Each code block may be time domain spread across multiple single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) uplink control channel symbols using the same spreading code to enable recovery of the code blocks at the receiver.

Disclosed herein are apparatuses, systems, and methods using or implementing dynamic beamforming in control channels, by transmitting downlink control channels to user equipment (UEs) in a number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of a downlink subframe. A first OFDM symbol of the number of OFDM symbols can be transmitted using first beamforming parameters in a first direction, and a second OFDM symbol of the number of OFDM symbols can be transmitted using second beamforming parameters different from the first beamforming parameters and in a second direction different from the first direction. The number of OFDM symbols used, as well as other parameters, can be dynamically adjusted in subsequent subframes. Other embodiments are described.