A spectrum access method and an apparatus utilizing the same. A spectrum management apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: determine location information and antenna angle information of each of at least one secondary apparatus; in response to a request for accessing an idle spectrum of a primary apparatus, determine, according to the location information and the antenna angle information of each of the at least one secondary apparatus, a secondary apparatus to grant access to the idle spectrum; and provide, to a serving base station of each of the secondary apparatuses having the access granted, the location information and the antenna angle information of all of the secondary apparatuses having the access granted, to enable the serving base station to perform interference alignment precoding.

A wireless communication device is described. The wireless communication device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information. The wireless communication device includes a receiver configured to receive a second frame. A wireless communication terminal is also described.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described that support noise tracking within transmission time intervals (TTIs) in wireless communications. A transmitting user equipment (UE) in direct communications with a receiving UE may transmit one or more reference signals that allow the receiving UE to estimate noise during different portions of a TTI and compensate for varying noise levels within the TTI. The transmitting UE may identify different sets of symbols within the TTI that are expected to have different noise levels, and may transmit one or more reference signals that allow for noise estimation at the receiving UE for each of the different sets of symbols.

Provided are a radio communication terminal apparatus and a radio transmission method by which intersymbol interference of DM-RS of a CoMP terminal and a Non-CoMP terminal can be reduced. A CoMP set setting unit (102) sets the cell IDs of all cells in the CoMP set in a cell selection unit (104), and a serving cell setting unit (103) sets the cell ID of the serving cell in the cell selection unit (104). The cell selection unit (104) selects the cell ID having a number closest to the cell ID of the serving cell from the cells in the CoMP set. A sequence information calculation unit (106) derives a sequence group number from the selected cell ID, and the sequence information calculation unit (106) calculates a sequence number from the derived sequence group number and a transmission bandwidth of the DM-RS.

A system that incorporates aspects of the subject disclosure may perform operations including, for example, receiving, via an antenna, a signal generated by a communication device, detecting passive intermodulation interference in the signal, the interference generated by one or more transmitters unassociated with the communication device, and the interference determined from signal characteristics associated with a signaling protocol used by the one or more transmitters. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Provided are a radio communication terminal apparatus and a radio transmission method by which intersymbol interference of DM-RS of a CoMP terminal and a Non-CoMP terminal can be reduced. A CoMP set setting unit (102) sets the cell IDs of all cells in the CoMP set in a cell selection unit (104), and a serving cell setting unit (103) sets the cell ID of the serving cell in the cell selection unit (104). The cell selection unit (104) selects the cell ID having a number closest to the cell ID of the serving cell from the cells in the CoMP set. A sequence information calculation unit (106) derives a sequence group number from the selected cell ID, and the sequence information calculation unit (106) calculates a sequence number from the derived sequence group number and a transmission bandwidth of the DM-RS.

Infrastructure equipment for use in a telecommunications system, the infrastructure equipment comprising: transceiver circuitry and control circuitry, transceiver circuitry, under control of the control circuitry, is configured to: transmit first data to a first mobile device and second data to a second mobile device, wherein the transmission period of the second data is shorter than the transmission period of the first data and the second data is transmitted after the start of the first data, and uses transmission resources allocated to, the first data; and transmit to the first mobile device, indication data that contains information identifying the resources allocated to the second data, wherein the granularity of the resources is determined in accordance with the first data.

The present invention is designed to properly control enabling or disabling hopping of DMRS sequence in sTTIs shorter than 1-ms TTIs. According to one aspect of the present invention, a user terminal has a transmission section that transmits a demodulation reference signal for an uplink (UL) channel in a second transmission time interval (TTI) that is shorter than a first TTI, and a control section that controls enabling or disabling hopping of a base sequence for the demodulation reference signal based on whether or not an orthogonal cover code (OCC) is applied to the demodulation reference signal.

A method for a terminal, in a wireless communication system, receiving a downlink signal from a cell in which a plurality of beams are multiplexed according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: generating a quasi-orthogonal scrambling sequence that is used for scrambling the downlink signal; and receiving the downlink signal through one or more beams of the plurality of multiplexed beams using the generated quasi-orthogonal scrambling sequence, wherein the terminal can initialise the quasi-orthogonal scrambling sequence using a beam-specific parameter corresponding to one or more beams for transmitting the downlink signal when generating the quasi-orthogonal scrambling sequence.

One method includes identifying a listen-before-talk (LBT) silencing criterion between each pair of wireless devices in a plurality of wireless devices; dividing the plurality of wireless devices into a plurality of independent sets based at least in part on the identified LBT silencing criterions; determining, for a location, an aggregated interference value for each independent set; determining an aggregated interference value for the location based at least in part on the determined aggregated interference values for each independent set; and selectively adjusting a wireless communication parameter of at least one of the wireless devices to alter the aggregated interference value for the location.