This application discloses a synchronization signal sending method and a related device. The method includes: generating, a first synchronization signal sequence and a second synchronization signal sequence, where the first synchronization signal sequence is a sequence obtained based on a first m-sequence, the second synchronization signal sequence is a sequence obtained based on a Gold sequence, the Gold sequence is generated based on a second m-sequence and a third m-sequence, and a generator polynomial of the first m-sequence is the same as a generator polynomial of the second m-sequence; mapping, the first synchronization signal sequence onto M subcarriers in a first time unit to obtain a first synchronization signal, and mapping the second synchronization signal sequence onto M subcarriers in a second time unit to obtain a second synchronization signal, where M and N are positive integers greater than 1.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment may generate a pseudorandom noise (PN) sequence, modulate the PN sequence based at least in part on a modulation order parameter, and transmit the PN sequence in one or more symbols prior to transmitting sidelink data. The one or more symbols used to transmit the PN sequence may be used for automatic gain control (AGC) training at a receiving device. The user equipment may then transmit the sidelink data in a plurality of symbols that are subsequent in time relative to the one or more symbols used to transmit the PN sequence, and the receiving device may process the sidelink data based on the AGC training. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving a 4-layer layered-division multiplexing (LDM) signal. An apparatus for transmitting a 4-layer layered-division multiplexing signal includes a layered-division multiplexing modulation unit for generating a 3-layer layered-division multiplexing signal by performing layered-division multiplexing modulation on three layer signals and generating a 4-layer layered-division multiplexing signal by inserting a Pseudo-random Noise (PN) sequence into the 3-layer layered-division multiplexing signal, a pilot insertion unit for inserting a pilot into the 4-layer layered-division multiplexing signal, and a transmission unit for transmitting the 4-layer layered-division multiplexing signal.

Scrambling code is initialized based on a parameter, n′.sub.RNTl, that changes from a given block of sub-frames to a subsequent block of sub-frames wherein the parameter is derived using one of the following formulas:
n′.sub.RNTl=(n.sub.RNTI+SFN)mod 216
n′.sub.RNTl=(n.sub.RNTI+k)mod 216 where n.sub.RNTI is a temporary identifier associated with a mobile device connected to said cell and for which said scrambling code is applicable; and SFN is a system frame number associated with said at least one of said sequence of sub-frames; and k is a sub-frame counter.

A signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and a device are provided. A part that is of a first signal and that is carried on the k.sup.th subcarrier in the i.sup.th subcarrier group in N subcarrier groups is x.sub.i,n.sub.id(k), and a sequence {s.sub.i,n.sub.id(k)} related to x.sub.i,n.sub.id(k) is one of enumerated sequences. The enumerated sequences are sequences with relatively good cross-correlation. Therefore, for two subcarrier groups, provided that selected {s.sub.i,n.sub.id(k)} is two of the enumerated sequences, cross-correlation between signals carried in the two subcarrier groups can be ensured to be relatively good, thereby reducing interference between the signals and improving channel estimation performance.

Provided by an embodiment of the present invention are a user equipment and base station that may be used in a wireless communication system, or a method performed by the user equipment and the base station. The user equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a receiving unit that is configured to receive multiple access signature information for the user equipment from a base station, wherein the multiple access signature information includes correction information indicating a reference signal sequence sent with respect to the user equipment; and a control unit that is configured to determine the reference signal sequence of the user equipment according to the received correction information.

A method for antenna calibration for an active antenna system is disclosed. According to an embodiment, test signals are generated for multiple antennas of the active antenna system. The test signals are transmitted via the multiple antennas A first signal that results from the transmission of the test signals is received over the air. A second signal is received from a coupler network of the active antenna system. The coupler network is configured to generate coupled signals of the test signals and combine the coupled signals into the second signal. Calibration information for compensating an influence of the coupler network is determined based on the first and second signals. An active antenna system is also disclosed for use in antenna calibration.

Provided by an embodiment of the present invention are a user equipment and base station that may be used in a wireless communication system, or a method performed by the user equipment and the base station. The user equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a receiving unit that is configured to receive multiple access signature information for the user equipment from a base station, wherein the multiple access signature information includes correction information indicating a reference signal sequence sent with respect to the user equipment; and a control unit that is configured to determine the reference signal sequence of the user equipment according to the received correction information.

A method for antenna calibration for an active antenna system is disclosed. According to an embodiment, test signals are generated for multiple antennas of the active antenna system. The test signals are transmitted via the multiple antennas. A first signal that results from the transmission of the test signals is received over the air. A second signal is received from a coupler network of the active antenna system. The coupler network is configured to generate coupled signals of the test signals and combine the coupled signals into the second signal. Calibration information for compensating an influence of the coupler network is determined based on the first and second signals. An active antenna system is also disclosed for use in antenna calibration.

Scrambling code is initialized based on a parameter, n′.sub.RNTI, that changes from a given block of sub-frames to a subsequent block of sub-frames wherein the parameter is derived using one of the following formulas:
n′.sub.RNTI=(n.sub.RNTI+SFN)mod 216
n′.sub.RNTI=(n.sub.RNTI+k)mod 216 where n.sub.RNTI is a temporary identifier associated with a mobile device connected to said cell and for which said scrambling code is applicable; and SFN is a system frame number associated with said at least one of said sequence of sub-frames; and k is a sub-frame counter.