The present disclosure discloses a method and a system for providing a code cover to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a multiple user system. A data sequence is received from each of a plurality of users. Further, a reference sequence is generated for the data sequence of each of the plurality of users. Each of the reference sequence is multiplied with a code cover which are orthogonal to each other. Each of the reference sequence is time-multiplexed with corresponding data sequence, to generate a corresponding multiplexed sequence. Further, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on each of the multiplexed sequence to generate a corresponding DFT-spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol. Lastly, the corresponding DFT-s-OFDM symbol is processed for transmitting over corresponding one or more channels.

A method and a system for concurrently transmitting from an antenna a first sequence of data from a first access node and a second sequence of data from a second access node. An example method includes orthogonally encoding the first and second sequences, including encoding the first sequence with a first binary code to produce a first encoded sequence and encoding the second sequence with a second binary code to produce a second encoded sequence, combining the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence to produce a combined encoded sequence, and transmitting the combined encoded sequence from the antenna, with transmitting the combined encoded sequence from the antenna including engaging in a first transmission of the combined encoded sequence from the antenna and engaging in a second transmission of the combined encoded sequence from the same antenna with a phase delay compared with the first transmission.

This application provides a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and an apparatus. The method includes: receiving, by a terminal device on a first carrier, a narrowband primary synchronization signal (NPSS) sent by a network device according to a first period and a narrowband secondary synchronization signal (NSSS) sent by the network device according to a second period; receiving, by the terminal device on a second carrier, a narrowband physical broadcast channel (NPBCH) sent by the network device according to a third period and a system information block 1-narrowband (SIB1-NB) sent by the network device according to a fourth period; and completing, by the terminal device, downlink synchronization and obtaining system information based on the NPSS, the NSSS, the NPBCH, and the SIB1-NB.

This application discloses a physical uplink control channel sending method, a receiving method, and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A terminal device determines a first transmission manner from a plurality of transmission manners including a first non-frequency hopping transmission manner, and sends a PUCCH to a network device in the first transmission manner. The first non-frequency hopping transmission manner is: sending the PUCCH without frequency hopping in a time unit. UCI on the PUCCH includes a first part and a second part, the first part is sent by using an orthogonal sequence whose length is L1, and the second part is sent by using an orthogonal sequence whose length is L2. The UCI is divided into two parts, and is sent without frequency hopping by using orthogonal sequences with a same length or different lengths.

Various novel concepts and schemes pertaining to non-orthogonal multiple access for wireless communications are described. A group orthogonal coded access (GOCA) scheme is introduced to reduce multi-user interference (MUI) and improve performance. A repetition division multiple access (RDMA) scheme is introduced to differentiate user equipment (UEs) by different repetition patterns. A low-density spreading (LDS) scheme is introduced to reduce MUI and improve performance.

A method and an apparatus for transmitting/receiving a downlink signal in a wireless communication system are provided. Carrier information about a second carrier that is different from a first carrier can be transmitted on the first carrier. Downlink data for UE can be transmitted on the second carrier based on the carrier information. The first carrier is a carrier having a synchronisation signal and a physical broadcast channel, and the second carrier can be a carrier without any synchronisation signals or physical broadcast channels. The first carrier can be operated on a single resource block in a guard frequency that is used in the wireless communication system.

A method performed by a terminal in a communication system is provided. Information on a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) configuration type corresponding to a mapping pattern of a plurality of DMRS ports is received from a base station. Control information indicating at least one DMRS port among the plurality of DMRS ports is received from the base station. The at least one DMRS port associated with downlink data is identified based on the control information. Downlink data based on the identified DMRS port is received from the base station. The plurality of DMRS ports belong to two or three DMRS groups based on a DMRS configuration type. Resources corresponding to different DMRS groups are multiplexed based on an orthogonal code.

An apparatus and system to compensate for phase noise in a 5G or 6G DFT-S-OFDM signal are described. An access port (AP)-specific orthogonal cover code (OCC) is applied to phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) symbols in each of a plurality of PTRS groups. The PTRS group are inserted between data symbols to form a data vector prior to perform transform precoding, on the data vector and transmission to a UE. The UE extracts the PTRS symbols from different PTRS APs using the OCC specific to each AP. After extraction, the phase noise for each PTRS group is estimated and used to compensate the data symbols associated with the PTRS group.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for configuring a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS). The method comprises: a base station determines configuration information of a CSI-RS; the base station generates signaling comprising the configuration information of the CSI-RS; and the base station transmits the signaling comprising the configuration information of the CSI-RS. The configuration information comprises: a port quantity, pilot resource pattern information, and a multiplex mode between CSI-RS ports, when the port quantity is greater than 1, the CSI-RS has M candidate pilot resource patterns, where M is an integer greater than 1. The method and apparatus for configuring a CSI-RS disclosed in embodiments of the present invention can support transmission of a CSI-RS of which the port quantity is greater than 8.

Disclosed are a data processing method and apparatus, a device, a storage medium, and a processor. The data processing method includes: acquiring a first sequence, where the first sequence includes one of: a sequence obtained by processing a first specified element of a second sequence, or a sequence acquired from a first sequence set, and the first sequence set includes one of: a sequence set obtained by processing M sequence sets, or a preset first sequence set; and processing first data by using the first sequence, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.