A terminal apparatus includes circuitry and a transmitter. The circuitry, in operation, generates a reference signal using a cyclic shift value and an orthogonal sequence, which are associated with each other. The orthogonal sequence is one of two orthogonal sequences corresponding to a first orthogonal sequence [1, 1] and a second orthogonal sequence [1, −1]. The cyclic shift value is one of 12 cyclic shift values ranging from 0 to 11. The transmitter, in operation, transmits the reference signal multiplexed with a data signal. Two of the cyclic shift values having a difference of 6 are respectively associated with the two orthogonal sequences.

Methods, devices, and systems for the transmission of information in a wireless communication system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for the transmission of information in a wireless communication system comprises receiving a downlink message, wherein the downlink message includes a first control channel element; determining a first index using the location of the first control channel element; determining a second index; determining a first orthogonal resource using the first index; determining a second orthogonal resource using the second index; spreading an uplink message using the first orthogonal resource to form a first spread signal; spreading the uplink message using a second orthogonal resource to form a second spread signal; transmitting the first spread signal using a first antenna; and transmitting the second spread signal using a second antenna.

Methods, devices, and systems for the transmission of information in a wireless communication system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for the transmission of information in a wireless communication system comprises receiving a downlink message, wherein the downlink message includes a first control channel element; determining a first index using the location of the first control channel element; determining a second index; determining a first orthogonal resource using the first index; determining a second orthogonal resource using the second index; spreading an uplink message using the first orthogonal resource to form a first spread signal; spreading the uplink message using a second orthogonal resource to form a second spread signal; transmitting the first spread signal using a first antenna; and transmitting the second spread signal using a second antenna.

Method and apparatus are provided to allocate a time and frequency resource of a resource request indicator (RRI) and to transmit an RRI. Codes are allocated for an RRI and other (such as non-RRI) uplink control signaling. The RRI and other uplink control signaling can be multiplexed in the same time and frequency resource, such as through multiplexing in a code division manner.

A terminal apparatus includes circuitry and a transmitter. The circuitry, in operation, generates a reference signal using a cyclic shift value and an orthogonal sequence, which are associated with each other. The orthogonal sequence is one of two orthogonal sequences corresponding to a first orthogonal sequence [1, 1] and a second orthogonal sequence [1, −1]. The cyclic shift value is one of 12 cyclic shift values ranging from 0 to 11. The transmitter, in operation, transmits the reference signal multiplexed with a data signal. Two of the cyclic shift values having a difference of 6 are respectively associated with the two orthogonal sequences.

A terminal apparatus includes circuitry and a transmitter. The circuitry, in operation, generates a reference signal using a cyclic shift value and an orthogonal sequence, which are associated with each other. The orthogonal sequence is one of two orthogonal sequences corresponding to a first orthogonal sequence [1, 1] and a second orthogonal sequence [1, −1]. The cyclic shift value is one of 12 cyclic shift values ranging from 0 to 11. The transmitter, in operation, transmits the reference signal multiplexed with a data signal. Two of the cyclic shift values having a difference of 6 are respectively associated with the two orthogonal sequences.

A method for sending a DMRS is provided. A terminal determines a first sending power for sending a first DMRS on a first frequency resource s based on control information from a network device. The first frequency resource is a frequency resource corresponding to a first CDM group among frequency resources corresponding to a first symbol. The first sending power occupies at least part of a second sending power on a second frequency resource other than the first frequency resources among the frequency resources corresponding to the first symbol. The second frequency resource is not configured for sending a second DMRS. The terminal sends the first DMRS sent by the terminal on the first frequency resource based on the first sending power.

A method and system for improving channel estimation for multi-user, multiple-input, multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems through dynamic DM-RS port allocation in a 5G New Radio network is provided. The method comprises of allocating, by a Scheduler aware UE port allocation unit, one or more MU-MIMO ports to a plurality of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups for a plurality of UE users, performing, by a code selection unit, a code selection based on a number of allocated MU-MIMO ports, determining, by a spreading factor unit, a spreading factor allocated for each of the MU-MIMO ports in each of the plurality of CDM groups, determining, by a signalling unit, a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signalling of a Partial Port Occupancy (P-Poi) transmission for each UE and obtaining, by a channel estimation unit, channel estimates at the receiver through VSFOCC de-spreading based on the P-POI assigned for each of the MU-MIMO ports.

A method and system for improving channel estimation for multi-user, multiple-input, multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems through dynamic DM-RS port allocation in a 5G New Radio network is provided. The method comprises of allocating, by a Scheduler aware UE port allocation unit, one or more MU-MIMO ports to a plurality of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups for a plurality of UE users, performing, by a code selection unit, a code selection based on a number of allocated MU-MIMO ports, determining, by a spreading factor unit, a spreading factor allocated for each of the MU-MIMO ports in each of the plurality of CDM groups, determining, by a signalling unit, a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signalling of a Partial Port Occupancy (P-Poi) transmission for each UE and obtaining, by a channel estimation unit, channel estimates at the receiver through VSFOCC de-spreading based on the P-POI assigned for each of the MU-MIMO ports.

A system and method for enabling downlink signal transmission in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) system is provided. The method comprises of creating a scheduling information based on MU-MIMO Scheduling of a plurality of User equipments (UES), multiplexing the plurality of UES paired based on the scheduling decisions across time, frequency and code, inputting transport blocks of each UE pushed on to a Downlink shared channel (DLSCH), performing bit processing of each of the CRC encoded UEs, inputting Code-rate (MCS) for data modulation mapping on a post bit processed data, assigning DM-RS ports to the UE based on allocated MCS and number of antenna ports from a scheduling information structure, adding, a Partial Port Occupancy information (P-Poi) for each UE along with the scheduler information structure required for demodulation at UE and enabling optimal channel estimation at UE by adding new DM-RS port combinations using reserved fields in the DCI messaging.