In future radio communication systems, an uplink control channel will be transmitted properly. A user terminal has a receiving section that receives frequency hopping information, which indicates whether frequency hopping for an uplink control channel is enabled or not, and a control section that applies at least one of a spreading factor for a time-domain orthogonal cover code, a configuration of a demodulation reference code and a base sequence, to the uplink control channel, based on the frequency hopping information.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to uplink control channel transmissions with user multiplexing and reference signal transmissions are provided. A first wireless communication device obtains an uplink control channel multiplex configuration. The first wireless communication device communicates, with a second wireless communication device, a grant indicating a plurality of resource blocks spaced apart from each other by at least one other resource block in a shared radio frequency band, the plurality of resource blocks scheduled for multiple wireless communication devices based on the uplink control channel multiplex configuration. The first wireless communication device communicates, with the second wireless communication device, a first uplink control channel signal in one or more of the plurality of resource blocks based on the uplink control channel multiplex configuration.

An apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) maps a plurality of mutually orthogonal sequences to each of a plurality of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within an interlace. The apparatus then performs a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission in a New Radio unlicensed spectrum (NR-U). The apparatus also receives an assignment of a set of sequences for each PRB of the plurality of PRBs from a wireless network. In response, the apparatus performs an uplink control information (UCI) transmission via the PUCCH in the NR-U.

A spread spectrum system is used for transmitting data to devices in a distributed system. Each device has a respective spread spectrum code, and has a corresponding encoder in a central control system operating the same spread spectrum codes, the encoded data relating to the devices being aggregated over a shared channel. An additional broadcast spread spectrum coding sequence is allocated to a broadcast channel readable by a plurality of the devices using a command extraction function and used to transmit general commands for operation by the plurality of devices. Individual actuators may be arranged to respond in different ways to such a broadcast command, for example switching some on and switching others off. The broadcast may also be used to change the coding sequences allocated to individual devices, allowing flexible use of the available spread-spectrum coding sequences.

A spread spectrum system is used for transmitting data to devices in a distributed system. Each device has a respective spread spectrum code, and has a corresponding encoder in a central control system operating the same spread spectrum codes, the encoded data relating to the devices being aggregated over a shared channel. An additional broadcast spread spectrum coding sequence is allocated to a broadcast channel readable by a plurality of the devices using a command extraction function and used to transmit general commands for operation by the plurality of devices. Individual actuators may be arranged to respond in different ways to such a broadcast command, for example switching some on and switching others off. The broadcast may also be used to change the coding sequences allocated to individual devices, allowing flexible use of the available spread-spectrum coding sequences.

A radio transmission device includes a transmitter (209) and a controller (203). The transmitter (209) transmits a radio signal in which a demodulation reference signal is mapped. When a plurality of the demodulation reference signals are to be mapped respectively to first and second unit resources consecutive in a time domain of the radio signal, the controller (203) applies the same sequence to each of the plurality of the demodulation reference signals to be mapped to the first and the second unit resources.

A radio transmission device includes a transmitter (209) and a controller (203). The transmitter (209) transmits a radio signal in which a demodulation reference signal is mapped. When a plurality of the demodulation reference signals are to be mapped respectively to first and second unit resources consecutive in a time domain of the radio signal, the controller (203) applies the same sequence to each of the plurality of the demodulation reference signals to be mapped to the first and the second unit resources.

The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.

The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.

A terminal is disclosed including a processor that, if group hopping of a sequence used in an uplink control channel is enabled, determines a group number based on a slot number and a frequency hopping index; and a transmitter that transmits the uplink control channel, to which the sequence corresponding to the group number is applied. In other aspects, a radio communication method and a base station are also disclosed.