A TORminator module is disposed with a switch linecard of a rack. The TORminator module receives downlink electrical data signals from a rack switch. The TORminator module translates the downlink electrical data signals into downlink optical data signals. The TORminator module transmits multiple subsets of the downlink optical data signals through optical fibers to respective SmartDistributor modules disposed in respective racks. Each SmartDistributor module receives multiple downlink optical data signals through a single optical fiber from the TORminator module. The SmartDistributor module demultiplexes the multiple downlink optical data signals and distributes them to respective servers. The SmartDistributor module receives multiple uplink optical data signals from multiple servers and multiplexes them onto a single optical fiber for transmission to the TORminator module. The TORminator module coverts the multiple uplink optical data signals to multiple uplink electrical data signals, and transmits the multiple uplink electrical data signals to the rack switch.

Vector and matrix multiplications can be accomplished in photonic circuitry by coherently combining light that has been optically modulated, in amplitude and/or phase, in accordance with the vector and matrix components. Disclosed are various beneficial photonic circuit layouts characterized by loss- and delay-balanced optical paths. In various embodiments, loss balancing across paths is achieved with suitable optical coupling ratios and balanced numbers of waveguide crossings (using dummy crossings where needed) across the paths. Delays are balanced in some embodiments with geometrically delay-matched optical paths.

In one embodiment, a host-to-host network comprises: first host units (HUs) located at a first end and configured to output optical output signals and receive optical input signals; second HUs located at a second end and configured to output optical output signals and receive optical input signals; a first optical WDM configured to combine the first HU optical output signals and output a corresponding first combined output over a first fiber; a second optical WDM configured to receive the first combined output and demultiplex the optical output signals and provide them as optical input signals for the second HUs; the second optical WDM configured to combine second HU optical output signals and output a corresponding second combined output over a second fiber; the first optical WDM configured to receive the second combined output and demultiplex the optical output signals and provide them as optical input signals for the first HUs.

In one embodiment, a first group of splitters receives a group of signals from a group of transmitters. Each splitter in the first group of splitters splits a signal into a plurality of signals that are sent to a plurality of multiplexers. A multiplexer in the plurality of multiplexers receives one of the plurality of signals from each splitter in the group of splitters and multiplexes the received one of the plurality of signals into a multiplexed signal. The multiplexer sends the multiplexed signal through a single connection in which upstream signals are sent to a group of nodes and downstream signals are received from the group of nodes. A de-multiplexer de-multiplexes the multiplexed signal into the group of signals and sends the group of signals to the group of nodes via a second group of splitters that are connected to the group of nodes.

A transmission system formed by connecting sites through an optical fiber stores at least unique information of the transmission functional devices for each site, connection information, and information of wavelength resources that can be accommodated in the optical fiber in a facility DB as DB information D2. When the number of wavelengths of order information for requesting the number of wavelengths required for transmission of optical signals between sites is larger than the number of wavelengths that can be accommodated in the optical fiber of the DB information D2, the number of wavelengths for each of the transmission functional devices required for enabling the number of wavelengths of the order information D1 to be accommodated in the optical fiber is designed using the design unit. Designed numbers of wavelengths are configured in the corresponding transmission functional devices using the configuration unit.

A receiving device includes a light source outputting local oscillation light, a detector detecting intermittent input of a burst light signal by using the local oscillation light, a first converter converting the detected burst optical signal into an electrical analog signal, an amplifier amplifying the analog signal according to a gain, a second converter converting the amplified analog signal into a digital signal, and a setting processor setting the gain of the amplifier and a wavelength of the local oscillation light instructed by a control device when setting a communication line with one of transmitting devices transmitting the burst optical signal, wherein, before setting the communication line, the setting processor switches the wavelength of the local oscillation light according to the burst optical signal transmitted from each of the transmitting devices, adjusts the gain of the amplifier and notifies the control device of the adjusted gain.

The invention relates to a method for migrating data traffic from an existing optical WDM transmission system to a new optical WDM transmission system, the existing optical WDM transmission system using a first optical transmission band and the new optical WDM transmission system being capable of using a second optical transmission band. The second optical transmission band at least partially includes the first optical transmission band and a further extension band that does not overlap with the first optical transmission band, the method including the steps of. According to the invention, a migration filter device is used in order to connect, during a migration phase, the network nodes of the existing system and the network nodes of the new system to the network paths that have been used by the existing system. During the migration phase, both systems are operated in parallel, with the new system using the extension band only. In this way, during the migration phase, the data traffic handled by the existing system can stepwise be switched to the new system. After all data traffic has been switched to the new system, the existing system can be deinstalled. The migration filter devices can stepwise be deinstalled.

Data center interconnections, which encompass WSCs as well as traditional data centers, have become both a bottleneck and a cost/power issue for cloud computing providers, cloud service providers and the users of the cloud generally. Fiber optic technologies already play critical roles in data center operations and will increasingly in the future. The goal is to move data as fast as possible with the lowest latency with the lowest cost and the smallest space consumption on the server blade and throughout the network. Accordingly, it would be beneficial for new fiber optic interconnection architectures to address the traditional hierarchal time-division multiplexed (TDM) routing and interconnection and provide reduced latency, increased flexibility, lower cost, lower power consumption, and provide interconnections exploiting N×M×D Gbps photonic interconnects wherein N channels are provided each carrying M wavelength division signals at D Gbps.

An optoelectronic module may include an optical receiver optically coupled with an optical fiber. The optical receiver may be configured to receive time synchronization signals from the optical fiber. The time synchronization signals may be frequency modulated, wavelength modulated, or amplitude modulated and may be received along with received data signals. A time synchronization signal detection module may be communicatively coupled to the optical receiver. The time synchronization signal detection module may be configured to receive the time synchronization signals that are transmitted through the optical fiber and detect frequency modulations, wavelength modulations, or amplitude modulations to recover the time synchronization signals.

[Problem] In a transmission system of a disaggregation type formed by connecting, through an optical fiber, sites each including various transmission functional devices having specifications of different vendors, wavelength resources that can be accommodated in the optical fiber can be easily grasped and managed.

[Solution] A transmission system formed by connecting sites ach including various transmission functional devices having specifications of different vendors through an optical fiber 15 stores at least unique information of the transmission functional devices for each site, connection information, and information of wavelength resources (the number of wavelengths) that can be accommodated in the optical fiber 15 in a facility DB 34 as DB information D2. In a case where the number of wavelengths of order information for requesting the number of wavelengths required for transmission of optical signals between sites is larger than the number of wavelengths that can be accommodated in the optical fiber 15 of the DB information D2, the number of wavelengths for each of the transmission functional devices required for enabling the number of wavelengths of the order information D1 to be accommodated in the optical fiber 15 is designed using the design unit 32. Furthermore, the designed numbers of wavelengths are configured in the corresponding transmission functional devices using the configuration unit 33.