A switch system includes interface circuitry configured to ingress and egress clients each including a stream of encoded blocks; and switch circuitry configured to switch the clients between the interface circuitry based on block boundaries of the stream of encoded blocks. The stream of encoded blocks can include 64 b/66 b encoding. Each block in the stream of encoded blocks can be switched intact.

An optical interface includes circuitry configured to operate the optical interface at a first rate, subsequent to a requirement to subrate the optical interface to a second rate, determine which services are affected, signal a partial failure for the one or more affected services, and operate the optical interface at a second rate that is less than the first rate. The optical interface can be a Flexible Optical (FlexO) or ZR interface.

This application discloses a multi-codeword transmission method and an apparatus. The method includes: generating, by a network device, downlink control information corresponding to each of a plurality of code words to be sent to a terminal device, where the downlink control information corresponding to each code word includes at least one of the following: a physical downlink shared channel resource element mapping and quasi-co-location indicator, and an antenna port(s), scrambling identity and number of layers; and sending, by the network device, downlink control information corresponding to the plurality of code words to the terminal device. Corresponding apparatuses are further disclosed. According to the technical solutions of this application, the network device generates the downlink control information corresponding to each of the plurality of code words to be sent to the terminal device, and the terminal device may demodulate data for the plurality of code words based on downlink control information corresponding to the plurality of code words. This ensures that the terminal device correctly demodulates data in a multi-codeword transmission scenario.

A data processing method, a communications device, and a communications system, where in a process of transmitting a packet service, a code block stream carrying the packet service is first obtained, then, rate adaptation is performed on the obtained code block stream, and finally, the rate-adapted code block stream is mapped to an optical channel payload unit (OPU) signal. Compared with a mapping manner in which a Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) is used, the data processing method, the communications device, and the communications system feature low processing complexity and/or high bandwidth utilization.

In one exemplary embodiment, a method includes: inserting an indication of a cyclic prefix length into a transmission; and sending the transmission. In another exemplary embodiment, a method includes: receiving a transmission; and processing the received transmission to obtain an indication of a cyclic prefix length.

A switch system configured to switch Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) client services includes interface circuitry configured to ingress and egress FlexE clients; and switch circuitry communicatively coupled to the interface circuitry and configured to switch portions of the FlexE clients utilizing a cell switch and Optical Transport Network (OTN) over Packet (OPF) techniques. A method of switching Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) client services includes ingressing and egressing FlexE clients via interface circuitry; interfacing the FlexE clients with switch circuitry communicatively coupled to the interface circuitry; and switching portions of the FlexE clients with the switch circuitry utilizing a cell switch and Optical Transport Network (OTN) over Packet (OPF) techniques.

Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) Forward Error Correction (FEC) systems and methods include mapping a first set of calendar slots including Ethernet payload clients to a FlexE Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) structure including a plurality of calendar slots; and mapping a second set of calendar slots including FEC data to the FlexE TDM structure, wherein the first set of calendar slots and the second set of calendar slots fill the FlexE TDM structure. In an exemplary embodiment, an overall Physical (PHY) rate of the FlexE TDM structure is kept constant with a reduction in bandwidth for the Ethernet payload clients based on the second set. In another exemplary embodiment, the overall Physical (PHY) rate of the FlexE TDM structure is increased based on the second set of calendar slots, to support a set rate for the Ethernet payload clients with a reduced number of calendar slots.

An error correction encoder (10) includes an interleaver circuit (31), encoding circuits (32.sub.1, 32.sub.2) and a deinterleaver circuit (33). The interleaver circuit (31) generates, in a standard speed mode, a single series of yet-to-be-coded bit sequences (IL.sub.1) on the basis of the bits in plural columns that are arranged at an interval of C columns in a single series of transmission frames, and generates, in a two-times speed mode, two series of yet-to-be-coded bit sequences (IL.sub.1, IL.sub.2) on the basis of the bits in plural columns that are arranged at an interval of C/2 columns in each of two series of transmission frames. The encoding circuits (32.sub.1, 32.sub.2) apply error-correction coding to either the single series of yet-to-be-coded bit sequences (IL.sub.1) or the two series of yet-to-be-coded bit sequences (IL.sub.1, IL.sub.2).

A method for measuring transmission delay of an optical transport network (OTN) device and a source OTN device. The method comprises: a source OTN device receives a delay measurement request transmitted by a user, generates a delay request frame, and transmits the delay request frame to a destination OTN device; the source OTN device receives a response frame returned from the destination OTN device, the response frame including a first time information; after receiving the response frame returned from the destination OTN device, the source OTN device obtains the system time T4 at when the response frame is received by the source OTN device; the source OTN device parses the response frame to obtain the first time information, and calculates the transmission delay between the source OTN device and the destination OTN device according to T4 and the first time information.

Systems and methods for Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) encryption implemented by a first network element communicatively coupled to a second network element include encrypting a Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) signal based on a first encryption key with encryption applied to a 64b/66b bit stream associated with the FlexE signal at one or more of a FlexE client layer and a FlexE shim layer; switching to a second encryption key at a predetermined point in the FlexE signal; and encrypting the FlexE signal with the second encryption key subsequent to the switching.