Using a computer-implemented intermediary by which contouring performed by two participants, such as two physicians, can be compared. First, contouring performed by each participant can be compared to contouring performed by the intermediary. Then, by way of the common intermediary and a transitive analysis, contouring performed by each participant can be compared.

Systems and methods are disclosed for performing operations comprising: receiving dose information representing dose delivered during a first radiotherapy treatment fraction; accessing one or more previous dose information representing dose delivered during one or more previous radiotherapy treatment fractions; computing a measure of biologically effective dose (BED) based on a combination of the dose information delivered during a first radiotherapy treatment fraction and the dose delivered during the one or more previous radiotherapy treatment fractions; and performing an isotoxic planning process for delivering a second radiotherapy treatment fraction following the first radiotherapy treatment fraction based on the computed measure of BED.

Systems and method for automatically generating structures, such as target volumes, in a treatment image using structure-guided deformation to propagate the structures from a planning image onto the subsequently acquired treatment image.

An inverse-planning method (100), by which a treatment plan specifying a non-photon irradiation of a patient including a target volume is generated, comprises: obtaining (110, 112) first and second plan goals in terms of a respective first and second numerical condition on the treatment plan’s photon-equivalent dose as computed using a first and second RBE factor; and generating (114) the treatment plan by an optimization process aiming to satisfy the first, second and any further plan goals, wherein (a) the first and second plan goals apply to volumes which either are included in the TV or are completely or partially separate from the TV and/or (b) the first and second RBE factors are variable. In a further aspect, a data carrier provides a treatment plan with these characteristics together with reporting quantities relating to fulfilment of the first and second plan goals.

A computing system comprising a central processing unit (CPU), and memory coupled to the CPU and having stored therein instructions that, when executed by the computing system, cause the computing system to execute operations to generate a radiation treatment plan. The operations include accessing a minimum prescribed dose to be delivered into and across the target, determining a number of beams and directions of the beams, and determining a beam energy for each of the beams, wherein the number of beams, the directions of the beams, and the beam energy for each of the beams are determined such that the entire target receives the minimum prescribed dose. The operations further include prescribing a dose rate and optimizing dose rate constraints for FLASH therapy, and displaying a dose rate map of the FLASH therapy.

A method and apparatus for treatment planning using four dimensional imaging data.

An example method of treating a subject having a tumor is described herein. The method can include determining a radiosensitivity index of the tumor, deriving a subject-specific variable based on the radiosensitivity index, and obtaining a genomic adjusted radiation dose effect value for the tumor. The radiosensitivity index can be assigned from expression levels of signature genes of a cell of the tumor. Additionally, the genomic adjusted radiation dose effect value can be predictive of tumor recurrence in the subject after treatment. The method can also include determining a radiation dose based on the subject-specific variable and the genomic adjusted radiation dose effect value.

A radioactive ray radiation system includes a beam radiation apparatus, a treatment planning module, a control module, a preparation room and a radiation room. First and second stereoscopic vision apparatuses are respectively arranged in the preparation room and the radiation room. Simulated positioning is performed on a radiated subject in the preparation room according to the location of a radiated part determined in a treatment plan, and a first image of the radiated part collected by the first stereoscopic vision apparatus is compared with the treatment plan to determine a simulated positioning pose. Radiation positioning is performed on the radiated subject in the radiation room according to the determined simulated positioning pose, and a second image of the radiated part collected by the second stereoscopic vision apparatus is compared with the treatment plan to control the beam radiation apparatus to start performing radiation therapy on the radiated subject.

Disclosed herein are methods for personalized treatment of individual patient tumors. In one embodiment, a method of calculating a personalized radiation therapy dosage for a subject comprises determining expression levels of one or more signature genes from a subject's tumor sample, applying a linear regression model to the gene expression levels and assigning a radiation sensitivity index (RSI) to the subject's tumor sample, calculating a genomic adjusted radiation dose (GARD) value based on RSI, radiation dose and fractionation schedule of the subject, and calculating a personalized radiation dosage (RxRSI) for the subject based on a pre-determined GARD value.

Methods of treatment trajectory optimization for radiotherapy treatment of multiple targets include determining beam's eye view (BEV) regions and a BEV region connectivity manifold for each target group of a plurality of target groups separately. The information contained in the BEV regions and the BEV region connectivity manifolds for all target groups is used to guide an optimizer to find optimal treatment trajectories. To improve the visibility of insufficiently exposed voxels of planning target volumes (PTVs), a post-processing step may be performed to enlarge certain BEV regions, which are considered for exposing during treatment trajectory optimization.