A method of determining treatment geometries for a radiotherapy treatment includes providing a patient model having one or more regions of interest (ROIs); defining a delivery coordinate space (DCS); for each beam's eye view (BEV) plane of each vertex in the DCS, and for each ROI, evaluating a dose of the ROI using transport solutions; evaluating a BEV scores of each pixel of the BEV plane using the doses of the one or more ROIs; determining one or more BEV regions in the BEV plane based on the BEV scores; determining a BEV region connectivity manifold based on the BEV regions; determining a set of treatment trajectories based on the BEV region connectivity manifold; and determining one or more IMRT fields. Each treatment trajectory defines a path through a set of vertices in the DCS. Each IMRT field defines a direction of incidence corresponding to a vertex in the DCS.

A method of image-guided radiation treatment is described. The method includes processing a first and second sets of image data to generate an enhanced image, wherein the enhanced image comprises a combination of the first and second sets of image data, wherein part or all of the image data comprises a target of a patient. The method also includes registering the enhanced image with another image to obtain a registration result and tracking the target using the registration result to generate tracking information. The method also includes directing treatment delivery to the target based on the tracking information obtained from the enhanced image.

An X-ray irradiating apparatus according to an embodiment is an X-ray irradiating apparatus that can transmit a maintenance electric current for suppressing the motion of a diaphragm in a subject, and includes an electric current outputting unit, electrode units, an electric current output controlling unit and an operating unit. The electric current outputting unit outputs the maintenance electric current for maintaining the contraction of the muscle. The electrode units, which are disposed on a skin surface of the subject, transmit the maintenance electric current. The electric current output controlling unit controls the electric current outputting unit to switch between a state in which the maintenance electric current is output to the electrode units and a state in which the maintenance electric current is not output to the electrode units. The operating unit performs the operation of the electric current output controlling unit.

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving treatment information relating to a treatment plan for proton- or ion-beam therapy intended to irradiate a target tissue; receiving machine-limitation information relating to one or more limitations of one or more machines involved in the proton- or ion-beam therapy; determining a time-optimized beam current for a proton or ion beam based on the treatment information and the machine-limitation information, wherein the time-optimized beam current minimizes the time required to deliver a required quantity of monitor units to one of a plurality of spots, wherein each of the plurality of spots is a particular area of the target tissue; and delivering the time-optimized beam current to the particular area.

A processing device for a radiation device is configured to carry out the steps of retrieving, from a data storage, volume data of a subject that was generated by imaging an internal structure of the subject, determining a position of an object in the subject based on the retrieved volume data of the subject, obtaining geometry information including a position of a radiation source and a position of a radiation detector, and obtaining a direction of the radiation detector, and determining a condition for imaging with the radiation source, so that the object can be captured through the imaging, based on the volume data, the position of the object, the position of the radiation source, the position of the radiation detector, and the direction of the radiation detector.

To overcome the difficulties inherent in conventional proton therapy systems, new techniques are described herein for synchronizing the application of proton radiation with the periodic movement of a target area. In an embodiment, a method is provided that combines multiple rescans of a spot scanning proton beam while monitoring the periodic motion of the target area, and aligning the applications of the proton beam with parameters of the periodic motion. For example, the direction(s) and frequency of the periodic motion may be monitored, and the timing, dose rate, and/or scanning direction and spot sequence of the beam can be adjusted to align with phases in the periodic motion

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for imaging and treating a tumor of a patient using positively charged particles and X-rays. A mounting rail, supporting a scintillation detection system element and an X-ray detection system element, is alternatingly extended/retracted to position the required detection system element opposite a patient tumor position from an exit nozzle of a beam transport system connected to an accelerator of the positively charged particles, where the positively charged particles are alternatingly used to treat the tumor via irradiation. The mounting rail optionally rotates with rotation of the exit nozzle about the patient, such as with rotation of a support gantry.

A system for inducing respiration according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: an imaging unit for picking a respiration image of a patient; a respiration signal conversion unit for obtaining a respiration signal of the patient by image processing, and tracking and analyzing the respiration image of the patient obtained from the imaging unit; and a respiration determination unit for determining one or more of whether the obtained respiration signal is suitable for radiation treatment, whether the obtained respiration signal is stable, and whether a matching score between the respiration signal of the patient and a guide respiration is greater than a predetermined reference value; and a respiration guide unit for providing the respiration signal of the patient, obtained from the respiration signal conversion unit, together with a stored guide signal.

A treatment planning system (106) for generating patient-specific treatment margins. The system (106) includes one or more processors (142). The processors (142) are programmed to receive a radiation treatment plan (RTP) for irradiating a target (122) over the course of one or more treatment fractions. The RTP including one or more treatment margins around the target (122) and a planned dose distribution for the target (122). The processors (142) are further programmed to receive motion data for at least one of the treatment fractions of the RTP from one or more target surrogates (124), calculate a motion-compensated dose distribution for the target (122) using the motion data and the planned dose distribution, compare the motion-compensated dose distribution to the planned dose distribution, and adjust the treatment margins based on dosimetric differences between the motion-compensated dose distribution and the planned dose distribution.

The invention comprises a patient specific tray insert removably inserted into a tray frame to form a beam control tray assembly, which is removably inserted into a slot of a tray receiver assembly proximate a gantry nozzle of a charged particle cancer treatment system. Optionally, multiple tray inserts, each used to control a different beam state parameter, are inserted into corresponding slots of the tray receiver assembly where the multiple inserts are used to control beam intensity, shape, focus, and/or energy. The beam control tray assembling includes an identifier, such as an electromechanical identifier, of the particular insert type, which is communicated to a main controller, such as via the tray receiver assembly along with slot position and/or patient information.