A wave construction method is described that can be used to generate a new and different wave front, which is not parallel to the natural expanding wave front from the emitted signal generated from the source array. Restated, a wave construction method is described that can be used to generate a new and different wave front which is not perpendicular to the direction from the source array to the center of the wave front. This method can also be used to shape a wave in the far field or near field, by changing the locations of the computed points, and generating a linear or non-linear shaped wave (front). This disclosure allows for the controlling, rotating, or shaping radio frequency or acoustic waves in free space or in a fluid.

A method for detecting and countering denial of service attacks in V2X communication includes providing a vehicle with a wireless communication system including an antenna and providing a controller in communication with the wireless communication system. The method includes receiving a wireless communication, analyzing the wireless communication and determining if a first condition is satisfied. When the first condition is satisfied, the method includes calculating an angle of arrival of the wireless communication, predicting a location of a source of the wireless communication relative to the vehicle, and adjusting a gain pattern of the antenna to block reception of additional wireless communications from the source of the wireless communication.

A system detects and identifies unmanned vehicles (UVs) from radio communications between UVs and their controllers. One or more radio frequency (RF) signal detectors can detect RF signals, including downlink signals transmitted by a UV or uplink signals transmitted by a UV controller. A feature extractor can extract signal features from detected RF signals, and a classifier performs machine learning to identify at least one of the UV and the UV controller based on the signal features. Machine learning can employ an artificial neural network, which may perform deep learning.

A jamming radio signal is outputted to interfere with an interrogation signal emitted by a vehicle for verifying a tag of a vehicle key that provides access to the vehicle. An access signal including access data is received. The output of the jamming radio signal is halted, at least temporarily, when the access data matches an access code so that the tag of the vehicle key can be authenticated.

A radio frequency (RF) jamming device includes a differential segmented aperture (DSA), a jammer source outputting a jamming signal at one or more frequencies or frequency bands to be jammed, and RF electronics that amplify and feed the jamming signal to the DSA so as to emit a jamming beam. The DSA includes an array of electrically conductive tapered projections, and the RF electronics comprise power splitters configured to split the jamming signal to aperture pixels of the DSA. The aperture pixels comprise pairs of electrically conductive tapered projections of the array of electrically conductive tapered projections. The RF electronics further comprise pixel power amplifiers, each connected to amplify the jamming signal fed to a single corresponding aperture pixel of the DSA. The RF jamming device may include a rifle-shaped housing, with the DSA mounted at a distal end of the barrel of the rifle-shaped housing.

Systems and methods for detecting, monitoring, and mitigating the presence of a drone are provided herein. In one aspect, a system for detecting presence of a drone includes a radio-frequency (RF) receiver configured to receive an RF signal transmitted between a drone and a controller. The RF signal includes a synchronization signal for synchronization of the RF signal. The system can further include a processor and a computer-readable memory in communication with the processor and having stored thereon computer-executable instructions to cause the at least one processor to receive a sequence of samples from the RF receiver, obtain a double differential of the received sequence of samples, calculate a running sum of a defined number of the double differential of the received sequence of samples, and detect the presence of the drone based on the running sum.

The disclosure includes an apparatus comprising a diagnostic unit configured to communicate with a rules engine to determine whether a transmission detected in a vehicle is classified as driver wireless device usage based on passenger data indicating whether a passenger is present in the vehicle. The disclosure also includes a system comprising a shielding unit configured to transmit a noise signal to interrupt a transmission detected in a vehicle, and a diagnostic unit configured to communicate with a rules engine to determine whether the detected transmission is classified as driver wireless device usage based on the passenger data indicating whether a passenger is present in the vehicle, and activate a recording if the transmission is classified as driver wireless device usage.

A portable countermeasure device is provided comprising one or more directional antennae, one or more disruption components and at least one activator. The portable countermeasure device further comprises a body having a dual-grip configuration, with the directional antennae are affixed to a removable plate on a front portion of the body. The one or more disruption components may be internally mounted within the device body. The dual-grip configuration allows an operator to use his body to steady and support the device while maintaining the antenna on target. The second grip is positioned adjacent the first grip, with the first grip angled toward the rear of the device and the second grip angled toward the front of the device. The portable countermeasure device is aimed at a specific drone, the activator is engaged, and disruptive signals are directed toward the drone, disrupting the control, navigation, and other signals to and from the drone.

An electrochemical gas sensor (10) includes a housing (20) and with at least one electrode (21, 22). The housing (20) has a gas inlet (23). An at least strongly acidic, liquid electrolyte (30) is present in the gas sensor (10). The electrolyte (30) partly wets the electrode (21, 22). Provisions are made in such a gas sensor (10) for the electrolyte (30) to contain an additive that contains at least one surfactant. An electrolyte (30) is also provided for a gas sensor (10), which electrolyte (30) contains at least one surfactant as an additive.

A system for providing integrated detection and countermeasures against unmanned aerial vehicles include a detecting element, a location determining element and an interdiction element. The detecting element detects an unmanned aerial vehicle in flight in the region of, or approaching, a property, place, event or very important person. The location determining element determines the exact location of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The interdiction element can either direct the unmanned aerial vehicle away from the property, place, event or very important person in a non-destructive manner, or can cause disable the unmanned aerial vehicle in a destructive manner.