A method and apparatus for sending uplink control information by a multi-mode wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) capable of operating on multiple component carriers of a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs) for multi-RAT operation are disclosed. The WTRU may generate uplink control information (UCI) pertaining to a first RAT and a second RAT, wherein the UCI may include a first plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgements (HARQ-ACKs) pertaining to a plurality of downlink (DL) transmissions of the first RAT and a second plurality of HARQ-ACKs pertaining to a plurality of DL transmissions of the second RAT. The WTRU may multiplex at least part of the generated UCI pertaining to the first RAT and at least part of the generated UCI pertaining to the second RAT onto a physical channel on a component carrier of the second RAT.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of receiving DCI by a UE includes receiving bundling information regarding REGs via higher layer signaling, performing blind detection for a PDCCH in a CORESET configured on a plurality of OFDM symbols, and acquiring DCI from the PDCCH. When the bundling information indicates a first value, the UE may perform bundling such that only REGs locating on a same RB and corresponding to different OFDM symbols in the CORESET, are bundled as 1 REG bundle, and when the bundling information indicates a second value, the UE may perform bundling such that the REGs locating on the same RB and corresponding to the different OFDM symbols are bundled as 1 REG bundle along with REGs locating on different RBs in the CORESET, and the UE may perform the blind detection of the PDCCH by assuming same precoding for REGs belonging to a same REG bundle as a result of REG bundling.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods may determine a transport block size using a number of resource elements for sidelink data. The number of resource elements for the sidelink data is calculated based at least on a reference second stage Sidelink Control Information (SCI) overhead. The reference second stage SCI overhead is calculated using the reference coding rate, the reference beta offset, the reference PSFCH symbol number, the alpha value, and the second stage SCI payload size.

A method is implemented by an ONU in a 50G-PON. The method comprises receiving an encoded DS PHY frame from an OLT, the encoded DS PHY frame comprises an FEC codeword, the FEC codeword comprises an SFC field and a payload, and the SFC field and the payload are encoded with a same FEC; decoding the FEC codeword using the FEC to obtain a decoded SFC field and the payload; performing a first verification of the decoded SFC field while in a sync state of a synchronization state machine; and staying in the sync state when the first verification is successful or exiting the sync state when the first verification is unsuccessful.

A user equipment (UE) may increase the reliability of transmission of a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) by transmitting repeated copies of the PUCCH, according to a repetition pattern spanning one or more slots. In an intra-slot mode, more than one copy may be transmitted within each configured slot, with or without frequency hopping. The number of copies as well as a temporal gap between the transmission of successive copies may be configured by the network. The repetition pattern may or may not be interrupted by slot boundaries. In an inter-slot mode, one copy is transmitted per configured slot. Different copies may be transmitted in different directions, according to a spatial consistency pattern. The UE may perform repeated transmission of PUCCHs to different Transmission-Reception Points (TRPs) using respectively different timing advances and/or transmit power levels.

Transmitting or receiving an RF signal that carries a data unit, the data unit comprising a DATA field that includes a SERVICE field, the SERVICE field including a scrambler initialization field and a sequence of remaining bits scrambled based on a set of scrambler sequence initialization bits included in the scrambler initialization field, the SERVICE field containing a first set of one or more error detection bits that has been computed to enable error detection for at least a first group of bits included in the scrambler initialization field.

The present application discloses a method for multiplexing multi-service UCI on an uplink data channel to solve the problem of different numbers of coded bits of UCI of different services. The method includes: regulating a value of a code rate offset of UCI relative to a UL-SCH, and calculating the number of modulation symbols for transmitting coded information according to the code rate offset. With the consideration that URLLC data requires higher reliability when UCI of the eMBB service is multiplexed on a UL-SCH of the URLLC service, a corresponding numerical value is required to be smaller than 1. When UCI of a URLLC is multiplexed on a PUSCH of the eMBB, the code rate offset is increased. furthermore, high-layer signaling may include a scaling parameter. It is suitable to apply the method disclosed by the present application to different service multiplexing scenarios simultaneously.

A method and an apparatus for encoding and for decoding a polar code to reduce complexity and improve speed. For encoding, information bits are obtained, an original kernel matrix is adjusted to construct one or more kernel matrices, an appropriate target kernel matrix is selected from the one or more kernel matrices, and polar encoding is performed on the information bits based on the target kernel matrix. For decoding, a to-be-decoded sequence is obtained, and the to-be-decoded sequence is decoded based on a plurality of trellises, where intermediate results obtained in different decoding stages may be reused. For example, in a (t+i).sup.th stage of decoding, an intermediate result obtained in a t.sup.th stage of decoding is reused.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine a set of modulations for a random access message associated with a two-step random access channel (RACH) procedure. The set of modulations may be either a first set of modulations or a second set of modulations that is different from the first set of modulations. The set of modulations may be determined based at least in part on whether a signal strength satisfies a signal strength threshold. The UE may transmit the random access message based at least in part on the determined set of modulations. The random access message may include a physical uplink shared channel modulated using the determined set of modulations. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Aspects described herein relate to receiving, from a base station, a downlink communication indicating resources scheduled for one or more repetitions of a downlink control channel, receiving, from the base station, the one or more repetitions of the downlink control channel, and combining the one or more repetitions of the downlink control channel to decode the downlink control channel. In another aspect, the network can transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a downlink communication indicating resources scheduled for one or more repetitions of a downlink control channel, and transmitting, to the UE, the one or more repetitions of the downlink control channel over the resources.