A network re-timer with forward error correction handling is disclosed. An example network re-timer includes a first receiver to receive data from a first connected device and to re-time the data to generate re-timed data, a first transmitter to transmit the re-timed data to a second connected device, a first auto-negotiation handler communicatively coupled to the first receiver to control a first forward error correction mode for communications with the first connected device, and a second auto-negotiation handler communicatively coupled to the first transmitter to control a second forward error correction mode for communications with the second connected device, wherein the first forward error correction mode is different than the second forward error correction mode.

This application discloses a retransmitted data sending method, a retransmitted data receiving method, and a related apparatus, and relates to the field of communications technologies. In this solution, a transmit end generates a retransmitted codeword based on information bits of each codeword corresponding to an incorrect MPDU, where the retransmitted codeword includes a codeword having some of information bits included in the incorrect MPDU. For the codeword having some of information bits included in the incorrect MPDU, the transmit end punctures a correctly received information bit in the codeword, and then sends the information bit. In this way, a receive end may directly perform combined decoding or joint decoding on an LLR of a codeword of a retransmitted MPDU and an LLR of a codeword of an MPDU that is incorrectly received last time. This improves transmission efficiency and transmission reliability.

Disclosed is a downlink (DL) multi-user (MU) transmission method of an AP device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system including generating a DL MU physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including a physical preamble and a data field, the data field including at least one MAC protocol data unit (MPDU), the at least one MPDU including a MAC header and a MAC frame body, and the MAC header including ACK indication information for uplink (UL) MU transmission of an ACK frame as a response to data transmitted through the data field, and transmitting the DL MU PPDU.

Disclosed herein are techniques to provide an indication of bandwidth to establish a TxOP using channel bonding. An information element may be generated to include an RTS frame or a CTS frame and an indication of bandwidth in a parity portion of the information element. The indication of bandwidth may be included by using 16 bits of the parity bits of parity bytes for a PHY header of the information element.

The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals. The method includes, formatting input streams into Data Pipe (DP) data, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding the DP data according to a code rate, bit interleaving the LDPC encoded DP data, mapping the bit interleaved DP data onto constellations, building at least one signal frame including the mapped DP data, and modulating data in the built signal frame by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the input streams include Audio/Video (A/V) data and service guide data, and wherein the Audio/Video (A/V) data and service guide data are included in first ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF) files.

Provided is a 5.sup.th generation (5G) or 6.sup.th generation (6G) communication system for supporting higher data rates after 4G communication systems such as long term evolution (LTE). A communication method of a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a base station (BS), information about a decoding mode including bit information corresponding to the number of times of perturbation, receiving data from the BS on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and decoding the received data based on the information about the decoding mode, wherein the information about the decoding mode may be generated based on service information including at least one of Quality of Service (QoS), a service priority, packet delay performance, packet error probability performance, a requirement, or a data transmission scheme.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a data transmission method for a station (STA) device in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system includes the steps of: generating a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes a physical preamble and a data field; and transmitting the PPDU. Therein: the whole transmission band of the PPDU is made up of a plurality of resource units in a frequency region; each of the plurality of resource units is configured from a preset number of tones; resource units, from among the plurality of resource units, that have the same logical index are allocated to the same STA; and the resource units that have the same logical index may be discontinuously located in the frequency region.

A transmission device is implemented in a first node in an optical transmission system in which a frame is transmitted from the first node to a second node via an optical interface. The transmission device includes a decision unit that decides whether a type of a first error correction code used in the first node is the same as a type of a second error correction code used in the second node. When a type of the first error correction code is the same as a type of the second error correction code, the transmission device transmits the frame to which an error correction code used in the first node is added to the second node without terminating the error correction code.

Devices and methods for receiving a data file in a communication system. In one embodiment, the wireless communication device includes a transceiver, a memory, and an electronic processor. The transceiver is configured to send and receive data over a wireless communication network. The electronic processor is electrically coupled to the transceiver and the memory and configured to receive, with the transceiver, a first seed, a sequence of blocks, and a subsequent seed, cause the memory to save the sequence of blocks in the memory, and determine whether the subsequent seed is aligned with the first seed. When the subsequent seed is not aligned with the first seed, the electronic processor is configured to cause the memory to delete the sequence of blocks. When the subsequent seed is aligned with the first seed, the electronic processor is configured to cause the memory to maintain the sequence of blocks.

An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame for signaling a time interleaving mode are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on a BICM output signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling a time interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaver for each of physical layer pipes (PLPs).