Disclosed herein are techniques to provide an indication of bandwidth to establish a TxOP using channel bonding. An information element may be generated to include an RTS frame or a CTS frame and an indication of bandwidth in a parity portion of the information element. The indication of bandwidth may be included by using 16 bits of the parity bits of parity bytes for a PHY header of the information element.

An adaptive downlink control channel structure is provided to enable a transmitter to switch between forward error correction codes that use either Chase combining or incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques. Chase combining HARQ can be more efficient for forward error correction codes that use higher code rates, while incremental redundancy can be more effective for forward error correction codes that use lower code rates. The transmitter will also selectively comprise the redundancy version indicator bits depending on the HARQ method selected, which can reduce the sizes of the transport blocks when not using incremental redundancy. A receiver device can also decode transport blocks and determine whether a redundancy version indicator is present based on the forward error correction code selected.

This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for amplitude shaping encoding, and specifically, for indicating boundaries in bitstreams encoded using amplitude shaping encoding. In some aspects, a transmitting device may insert, into an bitstream to indicate a boundary, a sequence of amplitude bits not associated with any patterns of bit values in a lookup table used for the encoding. In some other aspects, a transmitting device may monitor a length of the amplitude bits in a bitstream during the encoding and stop the encoding on information bits at an end of a current data unit responsive to the length reaching a threshold. In some other aspects, a transmitting device may monitor the length of the information bits and, for each data unit, determine whether a boundary is or would be reached. Responsive to determining that a boundary is or would be reached, the transmitting device may not include, before the boundary, any amplitude bits generated based on the information bits in the data unit, and instead add padding bits after a last amplitude bit before the boundary.

This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for encoding data for wireless communication to achieve a desired amplitude distribution. Some implementations more specifically relate to performing an encoding operation to shape the amplitudes of the resultant symbols such that the amplitudes have a non-uniform distribution. In some implementations of the non-uniform distribution, the probabilities associated with the respective amplitudes generally increase with decreasing amplitude. Some implementations enable the tracking of MPDU boundaries to facilitate successful decoding by a receiving device. Additionally or alternatively, some implementations enable the determination of a packet length after performing the amplitude shaping, which enables a transmitting device to determine the number of padding bits to add to the payload and to signal the packet length to a receiving device so that the receiving device may determine the duration of the packet.

A transmission apparatus includes a transmission signal generator which, in operation, generates a transmission signal having an aggregate physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes a legacy preamble, a legacy header, a non-legacy preamble, a plurality of non-legacy headers and a plurality of data fields; and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits the generated transmission signal, wherein the legacy preamble, the legacy header and the plurality of non-legacy headers are transmitted using a standard bandwidth, the non-legacy preamble and the plurality of data fields are transmitted using a variable bandwidth that is larger than the standard bandwidth and wherein a plurality of sets of each of the plurality of non-legacy headers and each of the plurality of data fields are transmitted sequentially in a time domain.

A packet analysis apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium thereof are provided. The packet analysis apparatus stores a plurality of packets whose formats are unknown. The packet analysis apparatus calculates a plurality of cross-correlation values of the packets. The packet analysis apparatus decides at least one group according to the cross-correlation values and at least one first threshold, wherein each group includes a subset of the packets. The packets included in a specific group of the groups define a plurality of bit positions. Each packet included in the specific group has a plurality of bits. For each of the bit positions, the packet analysis apparatus calculates a variation degree of the bits corresponding to the bit positions. The packet analysis apparatus selects the at least one bit position whose variation degree(s) is/are smaller than a second threshold as at least one field boundary of the specific group.

The disclosure relates to a method for serially transmitting a frame from a transmitter to at least one receiver via a bus line, as well as a subscriber station for a bus system. According to said method, stuff bits for generating additional signal edges are inserted into the frame by the transmitter according to a predetermined rule, and the stuff bits are removed again by the receiver when evaluating a received frame, a CRC calculation logic of a CRC generator calculating a CRC checksum that is comprised by said frame, and a value of 1 being inserted into said CRC calculation logic in an additional evaluation step if a value of 0 . . . 0 has been determined for the CRC checksum in the running calculation executed by the CRC calculation logic.

A receiver for receiving data in a broadcast system comprises a broadcast receiver configured to receive, via said broadcast system, a receiver input data stream comprising a plurality of channel symbols represented by constellation points in a constellation diagram. A demodulator demodulates said channel symbols into codewords and a decoder decodes said codewords into output data words. A redundancy unit selects or requests, if demodulation of a channel symbol and/or decoding of a codeword is erroneous or likely to fail, redundancy data for demodulation of future channel symbols and/or decoding of future codewords via a broadband system and a broadband receiver obtains said redundancy data via said broadband system. Said demodulator and/or said decoder is configured to use the obtained redundancy data to demodulate the respective future channel symbols and to decode the respective future codewords, respectively.

Media access control MAC payloads corresponding to a plurality of receiving devices are encapsulated in one MAC packet data unit (MU), where the MAC PDU includes a header, the MAC payloads and identification information of each receiving device in the plurality of receiving devices; and the header includes a plurality of subheaders, the plurality of subheaders is subheaders respectively corresponding to a MAC payload corresponding to each receiving device, the MAC payload corresponding to each receiving device includes a MAC control element (CE) and/or a MAC service data unit (SDU), and the identification information is used for identifying each receiving device. In the foregoing solutions, transmission of a MAC PDU during multi-user cooperated communication is implemented.

In a wireless local area network (LAN) system, a station (STA) generates an NGV PPDU, wherein the NGV PPDU comprises: a first legacy control field; a second legacy control field in which the first legacy control field is repeated; a first NGV control field; a second NGV control field in which the first NGV control field is repeated; an NGV-short training field (NGVSTF); and an NGV-long training field (NGV-LTF), and the first NGV control field is consecutive to the second legacy control field, the second NGV control field is consecutive to the first NGV control field, and the control information may include 1-bit information related to the NGV-LTF. The STA may transmit the NGV PPDU.