A host device is configured to read and write information from and into a card and to supply a supply voltage that belongs to a first voltage range or a second voltage range which is lower than the first voltage range, and issues a voltage identification command to the card. The voltage identification command includes a voltage range identification section, an error detection section, and a check pattern section. The voltage range identification section includes information indicating which one of the first voltage range and the second voltage range the supply voltage belongs. The error detection section has a pattern configured to enable the card which has received the voltage identification command to detect errors in the voltage identification command. The check pattern section has a preset pattern.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for controlling data retransmission in a multi-user system. A method comprises determining whether data transferred by any of multiple users are received unsuccessfully. The multiple users share a same resource in a feedback channel, for carrying feedback information of whether or not data transferred by respective users are received successfully. When data transferred by any of the multiple users are received unsuccessfully, the method also comprises causing data retransmission in a first retransmission mode or a second retransmission mode. In the first retransmission mode, positive feedback is sent via the same resource to the multiple users, and adaptive retransmission is triggered for the users whose data are received unsuccessfully. In the second retransmission mode, negative feedback is sent via the same resource to the multiple users, so that non-adaptive retransmission is triggered for the multiple users.

A user station for a serial communication network and a method for correcting individual errors in a message of a serial communication network are provided. The user station includes a communication control unit for creating a message, which is to be transmitted serially to at least one further user station of the communication network. The communication control unit is designed to subdivide the data of the message to be created into at least one data portion and to insert into each data portion bits of an error correction code, which ensures a correction of at least one error in the message.

Aspects of the invention include using a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) multiple-input signature register (MISR) for early warning and fail detection. Received bits are monitored at a receiver for transmission errors. The monitoring includes receiving frames of bits that are a subset of frames of bits used by the transmitter to generate a multi-frame CRC. At least one of the received frames of bits includes payload bits and a source single check bit not included in the multi-frame CRC. It is determined whether a transmission error has occurred in the received frames of bits. The determining includes generating a calculated single check bit based at least in part on bits in the received frames of bits, and comparing the received source single check bit to the calculated single check bit. An error indication is transmitted to the transmitter if they don't match.

A signal transceiving system includes: a first signal transceiver terminal; and a second signal transceiver terminal wired coupled to the first signal transceiver terminal. The first signal transceiver terminal transmits a digital signal to the second signal transceiver terminal. In response to detection of a first signal edge, the second signal transceiver terminal starts counting of a first time slot. Based on a count of at least one signal edge detected during the first time slot, the second signal transceiver terminal judges the digital signal as being logic “0” or logic “1”.

A multi-chip module includes a first Integrated Circuit (IC) die a second IC die. The first IC die includes an array of first bond pads, a plurality of first code group circuits, and first interleaved interconnections between the plurality of first code group circuits and the array of first bond pads, the first interleaved interconnections including a first interleaving pattern causing data from different code group circuits to be coupled to adjacent first bond pads. The second IC die includes a second array of bond pads that electrically couple to the array of first bond pads, a plurality of second code group circuits, and second interleaved interconnections between the plurality of second code group circuits and the array of second bond pads, the second interleaved interconnections including a second interleaving pattern causing data from different code groups to be coupled to adjacent second bond pads.

In accordance with an embodiment, a method of transferring data includes determining, by a first device, a data check field of a data frame based on a predetermined identification field and a plurality of data bits, wherein the predetermined identification field represents at least one of a content, source or target of the plurality of data bits; and transmitting, by the first device to a second device, the data frame comprising the plurality of data bits and the data check field without directly transmitting the predetermined identification field.

Improved techniques for recovering from an error condition without requiring a re-transmittal of data across a high-speed data link and for improved power usage are disclosed herein. A data stream is initiated. This stream includes different types of packets. Error correcting code (ECC) is selectively imposed on a control data type packet. A transmitter node and a receiver node are connected via a hard link that has multiple virtual channels. Each virtual channel is associated with a corresponding power-consuming node. When the receiver node receives the control data type packet, error correction is performed if needed without re-transmittal. When a final data type packet is transmitted for each virtual channel, the transmitter node transmits an end condition type packet. A corresponding power-consuming node that corresponds to the respective virtual channel transitions from an active state to a low power state.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for controlling data retransmission in a multi-user system. A method comprises determining whether data transferred by any of multiple users are received unsuccessfully. The multiple users share a same resource in a feedback channel, for carrying feedback information of whether or not data transferred by respective users are received successfully. When data transferred by any of the multiple users are received unsuccessfully, the method also comprises causing data retransmission in a first retransmission mode or a second retransmission mode. In the first retransmission mode, positive feedback is sent via the same resource to the multiple users, and adaptive retransmission is triggered for the users whose data are received unsuccessfully. In the second retransmission mode, negative feedback is sent via the same resource to the multiple users, so that non-adaptive retransmission is triggered for the multiple users.

A test and measurement device includes an input port for receiving a bus conducting data from a device under test, and processing element coupled to the input port. The processing element is configured to execute instructions that cause the processing element to determine a data sequence from a signal of the bus received on a main channel of the device, and use information from at least one other signal of the bus on an auxiliary channel of the device based upon a protocol associated with the bus to adjust parameters for performing error detection on the data sequence. A method of performing error detection in a test instrument includes receiving, at an input port of the test instrument, a bus conducting a data sequence from a device under test, determining the data sequence from a signal of the bus received on a main channel of the test instrument, and using information from at least one other signal of the bus received on an auxiliary channel of the test instrument to perform error detection on the data sequence.