Methods of operating a serial data bus divide series of data bits into sequences of one or more bits and encode the sequences as N-level symbols, which are then transmitted at multiple discrete voltage levels. These methods may be utilized to communicate over serial data lines to improve bandwidth and reduce crosstalk and other sources of noise.

A data reception apparatus connected to a data transmission apparatus via transmission paths includes: error detection circuits that are each provided for each of the transmission paths and that each detect an error in received data that has been received from the data transmission apparatus; storage circuits that are each provided for each of the transmission paths and that each store the received data and read the received data at a reported read position at a reported read timing; a selection circuit that selects one of the transmission paths according to error detection results provided by the error detection circuits; and a report circuit that compares received data stored by a storage circuit corresponding to a selected transmission path with received data stored by each of other storage circuits and, according to a comparison result, reports the read timing and the read position to each of the storage circuits.

Systems and methods for optical communication through air or space are disclosed. A method includes encoding one or more data frames with a data-link layer forward error correction (FEC) code to produce a plurality of encoded data frames and transmitting the plurality of encoded data frames from a transmitter (TX) to a receiver (RX) at least partially through air or space using a plurality of optical beams. The RX identifies a corrupted encoded data frame and reconstructs the corrupted encoded data frame using a data-link layer FEC decoder operating over a plurality of non-corrupted encoded data frames.

A method of operating a transmission system (1) having a first network (2) and at least one second network (3), data being exchanged between these at least two networks (2, 3) in that data of the first network (2) is fed to duplication means (4), the inputted data being transmitted wirelessly to separator means (5) via at least two transmission paths (6, 7) using PRP and forwarded from the separator means (5) to the connected second network (3), characterized in that the data is transmitted in the form of data packets, and it is ascertained whether or not a data packet was transmitted, and it is determined based thereon whether or not the transmission system (1) is operating in a fault-free manner.

Advanced detectors for vector signaling codes are disclosed which utilize multi-input comparators, generalized on-level slicing, reference generation based on maximum swing, and reference generation based on recent values. Vector signaling codes communicate information as groups of symbols which, when transmitted over multiple communications channels, may be received as mixed sets of symbols from different transmission groups due to propagation time variations between channels. Systems and methods are disclosed which compensate receivers and transmitters for these effects and/or utilize codes having increased immunity to such variations, and circuits are described that efficiently implement their component functions.

The present invention is directed to data communication systems and techniques thereof. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide an FEC encoder that generates parity symbols that are embedded into FEC blocks. An FEC decoder determines whether to perform error correction based on the parity symbols. When performing error correction, the decoder selects a worst symbol from a segment of symbols, and the worst symbol is corrected. There are other embodiments as well.

The present invention provides a control method of a wireless communication module, wherein the control method includes the steps of: receiving target end time information of a PPDU, and estimating a symbol count of the PPDU according to the target end time information; determining a duration of a packet extension of the PPDU; refining at least one of a padding factor, the duration of packet extension, and the symbol count of the PPDU, wherein the padding factor indicates invalid data information of the PPDU; generating an alignment setting comprising a final symbol count of the PPDU, the duration of packet extension, and the padding factor of the PPDU; and aggregating a plurality of MPDUs to generate the PPDU according to the alignment setting.

Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) Forward Error Correction (FEC) systems and methods include mapping a first set of calendar slots including Ethernet payload clients to a FlexE Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) structure including a plurality of calendar slots; and mapping a second set of calendar slots including FEC data to the FlexE TDM structure, wherein the first set of calendar slots and the second set of calendar slots fill the FlexE TDM structure. In an exemplary embodiment, an overall Physical (PHY) rate of the FlexE TDM structure is kept constant with a reduction in bandwidth for the Ethernet payload clients based on the second set. In another exemplary embodiment, the overall Physical (PHY) rate of the FlexE TDM structure is increased based on the second set of calendar slots, to support a set rate for the Ethernet payload clients with a reduced number of calendar slots.

A transfer apparatus for performing transmission and reception of data using a plurality of lanes includes: a transmission control unit configured to, upon receiving a transmission instruction for performing a data transfer in a redundant mode in which the same data is transferred using a plurality of lanes, output transmission data as first data and second data without renegotiation with another transfer apparatus; a first transmission unit configured to transmit the first data output by the transmission control unit via a first lane; and a second transmission unit configured to transmit the second data output by the transmission control unit via a second lane.

A method for transmitting, by a terminal, a message destined for a receiver station of a wireless communication system. The message being transmitted on a shared channel on which the transmission of messages is performed at the start of predetermined time intervals, termed slots. Data to be included in the message to be transmitted is encoded. The encoded data is distributed between Nb sub-messages of the message to be transmitted, Nb being an integer number greater than or equal to two. A slot is selected for transmitting the message. Nb transmission frequencies are selected, each respectively associated with the Nb sub-messages of the message. The message is transmitted at the start of the selected slot, by successively transmitting the sub-messages on their respective associated transmission frequencies.