A classification apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The memory is configured to store rules corresponding to a corpus of rules in respective rule entries, each rule includes a respective set of unmasked bits having corresponding bit values, and at least some of the rules include masked bits. The rules in the corpus conform to respective Rule Patterns (RPs), each RP defining a respective sequence of masked and unmasked bits. The processor is configured to cluster the RPs, using a clustering criterion, into extended Rule Patterns (eRPs) associated with respective hash tables including buckets for storing rule entries. The clustering criterion aims to minimize an overall number of the eRPs while meeting a collision condition that depends on a specified maximal number of rule entries per bucket.

Corrupted messages in 5G and 6G are usually discarded, leading to a retransmission with its added costs, delays, and background generation. Therefore, disclosed herein are methods for a wireless receiver to determine which message elements are faulted, and in many cases to correct them, based on parameters of the waveform signal in each message element. Multiple parameters may be combined for better sensitivity to the fault condition. For example, the indicator parameters may be the modulation deviation of each message element, its amplitude or phase noise level, characteristic interference patterns between symbol-times, a polarization anomaly, a frequency offset, or combinations of these. After localizing the likely faulted message elements, the receiver may be able to recover the message by correcting the waveform signal or the demodulation value, thereby saving time and energy at near zero cost.

Message faulting is an increasing problem in 5G and future 6G due to network crowding, receiver motion, signal fading at higher frequencies, and greater phase-noise sensitivity. Disclosed herein are methods for analyzing waveform features of the received signal using artificial intelligence, and identifying the likely faulted message elements according to correlations of those waveform features. For example, after demodulating, the receiver can identify a subset of message elements that are all demodulated according to the same modulation level, and can measure a signal parameter for each message element in the subset. The processor can then average the deviations in the subset, and compare those message elements to the average for the subset. If one of the message elements shows an anomalously large deviation from the average, that message element is likely faulted.

In an anti-fraud control system, a first error monitoring device includes a first frame transmitting and receiving unit that receives a frame flowing on the on-board network; and a first error detector that causes transmission of an error notification frame for notifying of an occurrence of an error in the frame when detecting the occurrence of the error in the frame received by the first frame transmitting and receiving unit. Each of second error monitoring devices includes: a second frame transmitting and receiving unit that receives the error notification frame; and a second error detector that regards, as a frame to be invalidated, the frame subjected to the error and included in the received error notification frame, and shifts the second error monitoring device to an invalidation mode for invalidating reception of subsequent frames, if no error is detected in an own branch with respect to the frame.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a transport block (TB), the receiving the TB including performing log likelihood ratio (LLR) calculations on one or more parts of the TB based at least in part on a determination that the TB is likely to fail a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The UE may transmit an indication of the one or more parts of the TB for which the UE performed LLR calculations. Numerous other aspects are described.

Wireless communications systems and methods related to dynamically triggering aperiodic CSI reporting are disclosed. A UE may determine whether a condition is satisfied for triggering upon receipt of a signal from a BS. The condition may be based on a decoding status of the signal. In some examples, the UE may explicitly request a CSI resource signal (e.g., CSI-RS, CSI-IM, or both) from the BS when the condition is met. The explicit request may be included in a modified ACK/NACK field, regardless of whether an ACK or NACK is transmitted. The BS may respond with a CSI resource signal. In other examples, the BS may wait to respond with a CSI resource signal until a threshold number of requests are received from the UE. In other examples, the BS may track a number of NACKs from the UE instead of relying upon an explicit request.

Message faults are expected to be a major impediment to 5G and future 6G throughput. The disclosed procedures enable a wireless receiver to recover many types of message faults based on the demodulation quality of each message element, among other diagnostic tests, and then to recover the correct message either by calculation (based on an embedded error-detection code) or by substitution (based on a search of all other modulation states in place of the faulted message elements). The method also includes determining, according to the modulation quality, when there are too many faults to efficiently mitigate, in which case a retransmission of just the affected portion is requested. The receiver can then merge the two versions of the message, selecting the better-quality message element at each position, and thereby correct the faulted message versions.

A method, at a hearing aid, including receiving a wireless signal including a succession of frames including a first frame including first encoded audio samples and determining a first codec, performing an error check based on the first frame, and in accordance with a determination that the first frame fails to pass the error check, performing a test.

In one embodiment an apparatus, method, and system is described, the embodiment an apparatus, method including receiving a stream of data frames at an input interface, the data frames one of including security frames, or being included in security frames, wherein the security frames include payload data, performing forward error correction on the data frames a forward error correction (FEC) decoder, buffering received data frames at a buffer and blanker engine and building a complete security frame of the received data frames, determining whether or not to suppress taking a consequent action based on a frequency of authentication errors at an authentication engine, wherein the consequent action to be taken or suppressed, when taken, is taken upon payload data of one or more security frames including a data frame upon which an authentication error occurred. Related apparatus, methods and systems are also described.

A method and apparatus operate a device on a licensed spectrum and an unlicensed spectrum. The device can operate on a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) band via a WWAN base station using a WWAN Radio Access Technology (RAT). The device can connect to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) base station using the WWAN RAT on a WWAN RAT WLAN band operating on a WLAN frequency and can connect to a WLAN access point using a WLAN RAT on a WLAN RAT band operating on a WLAN frequency. The WWAN RAT WLAN band can be determined to be the same band as the WLAN RAT band. A signal metric of the WWAN RAT WLAN band or the WLAN RAT band can be compared to a threshold. Whether to disable communications on the WWAN RAT WLAN band or the WLAN RAT band can be determined based on comparing the signal metric of the WWAN RAT WLAN band or the WLAN RAT band to a threshold. Communications of the WWAN RAT WLAN band or the WLAN RAT band can be disabled if the communications on the WWAN RAT WLAN band or the WLAN RAT band should be disabled.