As transmitters proliferate, and the transmission frequency steadily increases in 5G and especially 6G, the rate of message faults will likely increase unacceptably. Disclosed are methods for wireless receivers to detect, localize, and correct message faults using a combination of signal quality, modulation quality, and an embedded error-detection code. The error-detection code can indicate when the message is corrupted, while the signal quality and modulation quality can indicate which message elements are faulted, or can provide a likelihood that each message element is faulted. The message can then be corrected, using a combination of the error-correction code, the signal quality, and the modulation quality. In embodiments, the correction can be calculated directly from the error-detection code, or determined by altering each likely faulted message element to each of the other modulation states and testing with the error-detection code. By either method, network resources are saved and reliability is increased.

A method for transmitting multimedia according to the present disclosure comprises: a step of transmitting a first message including fixed delay information and buffer information with respect to a receiving device; and a step of transmitting a packet relating to the multimedia and including a transmission time stamp, wherein a first packet is sent out from a digital buffer of the receiving device at a time determined by adding up the transmission time stamp and the fixed delay information.

An abnormality detection device includes: a receiver, a reception predictor, frame information storage, and an abnormality determiner. The receiver receives a communication frame via a communication network. The frame information storage stores information regarding the communication frame. The reception predictor calculates and sets a predicted time range including a scheduled reception time of the communication frame of a target frame type from among a plurality of frame types received by the receiver by referencing the frame information storage and the reception time of the communication frame when the communication frame is received. The abnormality determiner determines the target communication frame is an abnormal frame when the target communication frame is received at a time outside the predicted reception range.

A jitter determination method for determining at least one jitter component of an input signal is described. The input signal is generated by a signal source, including: receiving the input signal; determining a step response based on the decoded input signal, the step response being associated with at least the signal source; and determining the at least one jitter component of the input signal based on at least one of the input signal and the determined step response. Further, a measurement instrument is described.

A method for estimating jitter of a clock signal includes generating a phase-adjusted clock signal based on an input clock signal and a feedback clock signal using a frequency-divided clock signal. The method generating N digital time codes for each phase adjustment of P phase adjustments of the phase-adjusted clock signal using a reference clock signal. Each digital time code of the N digital time codes corresponds to a first edge of a clock signal based on the frequency-divided clock signal. P is a first integer greater than zero and N is a second integer greater than zero. The method includes generating a jitter indicator based on an expected period of the clock signal and the N digital time codes for each phase adjustment of the P phase adjustments.

A system configured to perform a method for estimating external noise in a communication channel between a transmitter and a receiver is described. The method comprises obtaining a measurement of effective noise on decoded symbols at the receiver, the decoded symbols comprising noisy versions of symbols conveyed by a communication signal transmitted over the communication channel. The method further comprises storing a representation of a relationship between the effective noise, external noise in the communication channel, and one or more variable parameters. The method further comprises storing applicable values of the variable parameters, wherein each applicable value is associated with current properties of the transmitter or current properties of the receiver or both. The method further comprises calculating an estimate of the external noise in the communication channel using the effective noise, the applicable values of the variable parameters, and the representation of the relationship.

As transmitters proliferate, and the transmission frequency steadily increases in 5G and especially 6G, the rate of message faults will likely increase unacceptably. Disclosed are methods for wireless receivers to detect, localize, and correct message faults using a combination of signal quality, modulation quality, and an embedded error-detection code. The error-detection code can indicate when the message is corrupted, while the signal quality and modulation quality can indicate which message elements are faulted, or can provide a likelihood that each message element is faulted. The message can then be corrected, using a combination of the error-correction code, the signal quality, and the modulation quality. In embodiments, the correction can be calculated directly from the error-detection code, or determined by altering each likely faulted message element to each of the other modulation states and testing with the error-detection code. By either method, network resources are saved and reliability is increased.

A method for determining quality of a communications link between an external instrument (EI) and an implantable medical device (IMD) is provided. The method includes receiving, with a receiver of an EI, data packets sent at intervals from an IMD and determining, with a processor of the EI, an expected time interval between a first data packet and a second data packet. The processor of the EI determines a difference between the expected time interval between the first data packet and the second data packet and an actual time interval between the first data packet and the second data packet. The processor of the EI also provides a time variant communication quality indicator based on the difference between the expected time interval between the first data packet and the second data packet and the actual time interval between the first data packet and the second data packet.

A method for equalizing a wireless communication channel includes transmitting a data signal over a primary channel. During transmission of the data signal, a corresponding data signal is sent over a secondary channel. The information received from the secondary channel is compared to the information received from the primary channel and differences between the information received from each of the channels are observed. These differences are used as inputs to an equalizer algorithm that may be used to reduce distortion of the data signal sent over the primary channel.

A first communications device may use one or a plurality of communications connections in parallel for a communications session between the first communications device and the second communications device. The first device makes decisions as to the number of connections to use, the level of error correcting code to use, and/or the level of packet redundancy to use based on test scores corresponding to one or more communications session connections. The first communications device generates a first test score corresponding to a first communications session connection based on a test performed over a first test path between the first communications device and a test server, said first communications session connection and the first test path sharing a common link, e.g., a common wireless link between the first device and an access point. The first device may generate and use an overall connection score corresponding to a plurality of session connections.