Upon receiving a corrupted message in 5G or 6G, a receiver generally rejects the message or ignores it entirely, because determining which message elements are faulted is difficult and complex. AI-based procedures are provided for localizing faults in specific message elements, and for determining the corrected values when possible. AI inputs may include the amplitude or phase modulation quality of each message element, the measured SNR of each message element, the modulation quality of a preceding demodulation reference, and current backgrounds, among other factors. After training (adjusting according to measured network data), the AI model may then determine the most likely faulted message elements, and may also direct the search for the most likely corrected values. By recovering the original corrected message without an unnecessary retransmission, the system can save time, reduce transmission energy, and avoid generating backgrounds. Many additional aspects are disclosed.

Disclosed are systems and methods to determine which specific message elements, of a 5G or 6G message, are faulted. By comparing the amplitude or phase modulation of each message element to a predetermined modulation level, and comparing the difference to a threshold, the faulted message elements can be identified and, potentially, corrected. For example, the modulation scheme may provide two superposed orthogonal signals, thereby providing two amplitude-modulated signals per message element, and a modulation quality can be derived according to the differences between those two amplitudes and the closest predetermined amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. The SNR or SINR of each message element can also be measured and included in the modulation quality determination. Artificial intelligence may enable improved or faster determination of the faulted message elements by including additional input factors. The receiver may then mitigate the message by altering just the faulted message elements, saving re-transmission costs.

Faulted messages in 5G or 6G are generally discarded and a retransmission is then requested. However, the faulted message contains valuable information despite the few faulted message elements. Retransmission is a time-consuming energy-intensive process. Therefore, the present disclosure pertains to procedures for determining which specific message elements, of a corrupted message, are actually faulted. To do so, the receiver can determine a modulation quality of each message element by measuring a difference between the amplitude levels of the message element and the predetermined amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. For example, the modulation scheme may involve an I-branch and an orthogonal Q-branch, each with a different amplitude. The message quality may be related to the deviation of each branch amplitude from the closest predetermined amplitude level of the modulation scheme. A large amplitude deviation indicates a suspicious message element. Many other aspects are also disclosed.

When a received message is found to be corrupted in 5G or 6G, the receiver can request a retransmission. If only one message element is faulted, retransmitting the whole message may be a waste. Procedures are disclosed for the receiver to determine which message elements are likely faulted by measuring the modulation quality, based on how far each message element's modulation deviates from the states of the modulation scheme. The receiver can then indicate, in an acknowledgement for example, which portion of the message needs to be retransmitted. After receiving that retransmitted portion, the receiver can then produce a merged version by substituting the retransmitted portion in the as-received message, or can select the best-quality elements from the two versions for the merged copy, and thereby eliminate most or all of the faults. Networks supporting these protocols may have fewer delays, faster responses, improved reliability, and reduced resource usage by avoiding unnecessary retransmission volumes, thereby providing improved service to network users, according to some embodiments.

A communications device configured to receive data transmitted as encoded data packets from an infrastructure equipment of a wireless communications network. Each of the encoded data packets are transmitted as a control signal component and a data signal component. The control signal component carries control information for detecting and decoding the data signal component in which the encoded data carried by the encoded data packet is transmitted. As part of the ARQ-type protocol, at least the control signal component may be re-transmitted. By including with the control information carried by the retransmitted control signals an indication of at least a temporal location of the data signal component, which has already been transmitted and received in a buffer of a receiver, an improvement in a use of communications resource can be provided and also in some embodiments an improvement in a likelihood of correctly detecting and decoding an encoded data packet.

An apparatus and method: access repeated copies of an OFDM output signal produced by a device in response to corresponding repeated copies of an OFDM input signal; for each copy of the OFDM output signal, time align the OFDM output symbols to the OFDM input symbols, and de-rotate a phase of the OFDM output signal with respect to the OFDM input signal; coherently sum and average the copies of the OFDM output signal; determine a variance of each copy of the OFDM output signal, and an ensemble variance of all of the copies of the OFDM output signal; discard copies of the OFDM output signal whose variance differs from the ensemble variance by more than a threshold amount to produce a qualified set of copies; determine a mean value of the qualified set of copies; and determine a total noise power of the qualified set of copies from the mean value.

Message failures due to noise and interference cause unnecessary delays and reduction in reliability in wireless networks. To detect, localize, and correct transmission faults in 5G and 6G networks, the receiver can measure the “modulation quality” of each message resource element modulated in PAM (pulse-amplitude modulation), according to how closely the amplitudes of the in-phase and quad-phase signal branches match the amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. If the message is faulted, the receiver can re-assign each message element with poor modulation quality to the adjacent states, or if necessary to each state in the modulation scheme, and may thereby find the correct message value in many cases. When implemented, message fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

Disclosed are procedures for measuring the modulation quality of each message resource element in a failed 5G or 6G communication modulated according to pulse-amplitude modulation, thereby revealing the most likely fault locations in the message. A second copy of the message can be merged by selecting the highest quality message elements from each version, where the quality is related to how far each message element's modulation deviates from the calibrated “states” of the modulation scheme. The receiver may also determine directional information based on the modulation of each message element, and may compare versions to determine the most likely correct state of each message element. Such strategies may directly recover the original message, or may greatly reduce the number of variations that need to be tested. When implemented, fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

Disclosed are procedures for measuring the modulation quality of each message resource element in a failed 5G or 6G communication, thereby revealing the most likely fault locations in the message. The types of modulation deviations in the low-quality message elements can provide further guidance as to the correct demodulation. In addition, after receiving a second copy, the copies can be merged by selecting the highest quality message elements from each version, where the quality is related to how far each message element's modulation deviates from the calibrated “states” of the modulation scheme. The receiver may also determine directional information based on the modulation of each message element, and may compare versions to determine the most likely correct state of each message element. Such strategies may directly recover the original message, or may greatly reduce the number of variations that need to be tested. When implemented, fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

Message failures due to noise and interference cause unnecessary delays and reduction in reliability in wireless networks. To detect, localize, and correct transmission faults in 5G and 6G networks, the receiver can measure the “modulation quality” of each message reference element, according to how closely the amplitude and phase match the amplitude and phase levels of the modulation scheme. If the message is faulted, the receiver can re-assign each message element with poor modulation quality to the adjacent states, or if necessary to each state in the modulation scheme, and may thereby find the correct message value in many cases. Certain zones around each modulation state can indicate how the message element has been distorted by interference, and thereby indicate where to search for the correct state of that message element. When implemented, message fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.