Artificial intelligence procedures are disclosed for localizing faults in corrupted messages in 5G and 6G, and for correcting those faults based on measured parameters such as backgrounds and message signals according to pulse-amplitude modulation. An AI model with multiple adjustable variables may be “trained” using a large number of message events, including faulted messages, to determine which message elements are likely faulted, based on input parameters such as modulation quality, SNR, and other signal properties. The receiving entity can then attempt a grid search to correct the faulted message elements, or request a retransmission. For field use by base stations and user devices, an algorithm may be developed based on the AI model, and configured to predict which message elements are likely faulted. By detecting and correcting message faults, networks may increase reliability and reduce latency while avoiding most retransmission costs and delays, according to some embodiments.

Prior art includes error detection according to an embedded CRC (cyclic redundancy code) or the like, and error correction using FEC (forward error correction) codes, but achieves only partial success in practice, leading to frequent requests for message retransmission. Disclosed is a method for detecting errors in individual message elements using 5G or 6G technologies, by measuring the modulation quality according to how far the amplitude or phase of the message element deviates from the calibrated modulation levels of the modulation scheme. A large deviation indicates a faulted message element, whereas a close match with the calibrated modulation levels is likely correct. By identifying faulted message elements individually, the receiver can recover the message using a number of strategies, disclosed herein. With improved error detection, and localization to individual message elements, network communications can be substantially upgraded at negligible cost, according to some embodiments.

Wireless receivers in 5G and 6G are generally configured to discard faulted messages and request retransmission of the entire message. Disclosed is a procedure enabling the receiver to determine which specific message elements are faulted, and then to request only the faulted portion be retransmitted. Substantial time and wasted power can thereby be saved. The receiver can identify the faulted message element(s) by calculating a modulation quality of each message element and specifying only that portion of the message containing those message elements. For example, the receiver can determine the modulation quality by comparing a difference between the message element's amplitude or phase modulation and the closest predetermined amplitude or phase level of the modulation scheme. A deviation larger than a threshold value strongly suggests that the message element is wrong. The SNR and other factors can also be included in a formula to identify faulted message elements.

Disclosed are procedures for measuring the modulation quality of each message resource element in a failed 5G or 6G communication modulated according to pulse-amplitude modulation, thereby revealing the most likely fault locations in the message. A second copy of the message can be merged by selecting the highest quality message elements from each version, where the quality is related to how far each message element's modulation deviates from the calibrated “states” of the modulation scheme. The receiver may also determine directional information based on the modulation of each message element, and may compare versions to determine the most likely correct state of each message element. Such strategies may directly recover the original message, or may greatly reduce the number of variations that need to be tested. When implemented, fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

A receiver includes an interface and a processor. The interface is configured to receive a signal including symbols carrying bit values in respective symbol intervals, and to convert the received signal into a serial sequence of digital samples, the received signal being modulated using a Differential Manchester Encoding (DME) scheme that (i) represents a first bit value by a first symbol type having a level transition in the corresponding symbol interval and (ii) represents a second bit value by a second symbol type having a constant level in the corresponding symbol interval. The processor is configured to derive an error signal from the digital samples, and to produce a quality measure of the received signal based on the derived error signal.

When a received message is found to be corrupted in 5G or 6G, the receiver can request a retransmission. If only one message element is faulted, retransmitting the whole message may be a waste. Procedures are disclosed for the receiver to determine which message elements are likely faulted by measuring the modulation quality and optionally other signal quality factors. The receiver can then indicate, in an acknowledgement for example, which portion of the message needs to be retransmitted. After receiving that retransmitted portion, the receiver can then produce a merged version by substituting the retransmitted portion into the as-received message. Alternatively, the receiver can select the best-quality elements from the two versions for the merged copy, and thereby eliminate most or all of the faults. Networks supporting these protocols may have fewer delays, faster responses, improved reliability, and reduced resource usage by avoiding unnecessary retransmission volumes.

A method for sounding-interval adaptation using link quality for use in an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a sounding transceiver. The method includes the following steps: periodically transmitting a sounding packet to a beamformee through a downlink channel from the apparatus to the beamformee using a first sounding interval; in response to the sound transceiver successfully receiving a report packet from the beamformee to respond to the sounding packet, obtaining a current first channel profile from the report packet, and calculating a first LQ (link quality) value of the beamformee using the current first channel profile and a previous first channel profile; searching an LQ-mapping table using the first LQ value to obtain a second sounding interval; and adaptively adjusting the first sounding interval using the second sounding interval in response to a comparison result of the current first channel profile and the previous first channel profile.

Artificial intelligence procedures are disclosed for localizing faults in corrupted messages in 5G and 6G, and for correcting those faults based on measured parameters such as backgrounds and message signals. Message faults can be caused by noise or interference from a variety of sources with a wide range of properties. An AI model with multiple adjustable variables may be “trained” using a large number of message events, including faulted messages, to determine which message elements are likely faulted, based on input parameters such as modulation quality, SNR, and other signal properties. The receiving entity can then attempt a grid search to correct the faulted message elements, or request a retransmission. For field use by base stations and user devices, an algorithm may be developed based on the AI model, and configured to predict which message elements are likely faulted. By detecting and correcting message faults, networks may increase reliability and reduce latency while avoiding most retransmission costs and delays, according to some embodiments.

Message failures due to noise and interference cause unnecessary delays and reduction in reliability in wireless networks. To detect, localize, and correct transmission faults in 5G and 6G networks, the receiver can measure the “modulation quality” of each message resource element modulated in PAM (pulse-amplitude modulation), according to how closely the amplitudes of the in-phase and quad-phase signal branches match the amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. If the message is faulted, the receiver can re-assign each message element with poor modulation quality to the adjacent states, or if necessary to each state in the modulation scheme, and may thereby find the correct message value in many cases. When implemented, message fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

When a received message is found to be corrupted in 5G or 6G, the receiver can request a retransmission. If only one message element is faulted, retransmitting the whole message may be a waste. Procedures are disclosed for the receiver to determine which message elements are likely faulted by measuring the modulation quality and optionally other signal quality factors. The receiver can then indicate, in an acknowledgement for example, which portion of the message needs to be retransmitted. After receiving that retransmitted portion, the receiver can then produce a merged version by substituting the retransmitted portion into the as-received message. Alternatively, the receiver can select the best-quality elements from the two versions for the merged copy, and thereby eliminate most or all of the faults. Networks supporting these protocols may have fewer delays, faster responses, improved reliability, and reduced resource usage by avoiding unnecessary retransmission volumes.