System and methods for locating events and/or devices on a network are described.

A method of a receiver is used for receiving an amplitude shift keyed signal provided over a multi-layered transmission from a plurality of antennas with different precoding of different symbols for the respective layers. The method comprises receiving a sequence of signal values of the signal, estimating, from the sequence of signal values, channels for the respective layers, and selecting one of a plurality of detection methods based on a difference in quality between the estimated channels A receiver and a computer program are also disclosed.

A bandwidth allocation and monitoring method may divide available bandwidth on a shared communication medium into a plurality of discrete tones that can be individually allocated to modems on an as-needed basis. The effective modulation rate that a particular modem can use for each discrete tone can be monitored over time using a schedule of pilot tones transmitted from the modems on different tones at different times. The schedule may define representative pilot tones, in which case effective modulation rates for neighboring tones may be inferred from a determined effective modulation rate of a pilot tone.

A communications device includes receiver circuitry, transmitter circuitry, and controller circuitry controlling the transmitter circuitry and the receiver circuitry to receive data in accordance with an automatic repeat request (ARQ) type protocol in which the data is received as a plurality of encoded data packets encoded with an error correction code and the transmitter circuitry transmits a feedback signal depending on whether each of the data encoded packets is estimated as having been decoded successfully by the receiver circuitry. The controller circuitry is configured to evaluate a quality measure of each encoded data packet and in response to the evaluated quality measure to transmit an early indication of the feedback signal to the wireless communications network, before the encoded data packet has been decoded by the error correction decoder.

A method is performed by a wireless communications device of transmitting measurement reports to an infrastructure equipment. The method comprises receiving signals transmitted by the infrastructure equipment, measuring a characteristic associated with the received signals, and selecting an index value from one of a plurality of index values. Each of the index values represents a range of values of the characteristic for which communications parameters of a transmitter in the infrastructure equipment and a receiver in the communication device should have to achieve an acceptable communications performance for values of the characteristic within the range of values of the characteristic. The method further comprises, subject to the selected index value, transmitting the selected index value to the infrastructure equipment.

System for adjusting a reference constellation for demodulating an optical signal include a coherent electro-optical receiver configured to convert a received optical signal to a plurality of electrical signals, an array of analog-to-digital convertors configured to digitize the plurality of electrical signals, and processor logic. The processor logic is configured to process the digitized plurality of electrical signals using a reference constellation to yield a plurality of decoded signals and a signal quality measurement. The reference constellation includes an inphase component equal to an ideal inphase component plus an inphase offset and a quadrature component equal to an ideal quadrature component plus a quadrature offset. The processor logic is configured to determine an optimal inphase offset and optimal quadrature offset. The processor logic is configured to update the reference constellation using the optimal inphase offset and the optimal quadrature offset.

According to one embodiment, a signal quality monitoring apparatus includes a signal processor, a comparator and a determiner. The processor obtains output signals from a first transmitter and a second transmitter which are mutually redundant and respectively reproduce digital broadcast signals based on a common origin signal, and generates a first signal based on the output signal from the first transmitter and a second signal based on the output signal from the second transmitter. The comparator compares the first signal and the second signal. The determiner determines a quality of the digital broadcast signal based on a result of the comparison.

A major goal of 5G and especially 6G is reliable, low-latency communication. Unfortunately, higher density networks result in increasing interference, and higher frequency bands inevitably have signal fading problems, leading to frequency message faults. To restore high-speed, high-reliability messaging, methods are disclosed for evaluating the signal quality of each message element of a received message so that any faulting can be localized to the message elements with the lowest signal quality. Numerous contributions to signal quality are disclosed, including modulation, amplitude and phase stability, polarization and inter-symbol irregularities, expected message format and meaning, and common or unexpected bit sequences. Many further aspects are included.

Techniques are directed to using communication metric data associated with multiple modulation schemes to achieve a link quality metric that is representative of the link as a whole, across the multiple modulation schemes that may be employed on the link. A calculation of a link quality metric may be triggered by a network layer transmission attempt, with communication metrics accumulated at the link layer of the link. A filter used to calculate the link quality metric may be updated based on network layer transmission attempts, based on successful and/or unsuccessful transmissions at a Media Access Control (MAC) layer of the link. More generally, a calculation of link quality may be triggered by a higher layer transmission attempt while being calculated based on transmission attempts at a lower layer of the link.

As transmitters proliferate, and the transmission frequency steadily increases in 5G and especially 6G, the rate of message faults will likely increase unacceptably. Disclosed are methods for wireless receivers to detect, localize, and correct message faults using a combination of signal quality, modulation quality, and an embedded error-detection code. The error-detection code can indicate when the message is corrupted, while the signal quality and modulation quality can indicate which message elements are faulted, or can provide a likelihood that each message element is faulted. The message can then be corrected, using a combination of the error-correction code, the signal quality, and the modulation quality. In embodiments, the correction can be calculated directly from the error-detection code, or determined by altering each likely faulted message element to each of the other modulation states and testing with the error-detection code. By either method, network resources are saved and reliability is increased.