An apparatus for identifying a communications signal in a preceding stage for a communications modem includes a communications signal identifying unit configured to receive a communications signal through a port, deliver data included in the communications signal to a communications modem, and sample the communications signal which has passed through the port during every unit length to detect a unit length pattern corresponding to a start of communication and a unit length pattern corresponding to an end of communication. When a length from the start of communication to the end of communication is equal to or smaller than a reference length, the communications signal identifying unit delivers a data process stopping signal to the communications modem such that the communications modem stops a data reading operation.

Communication systems and methods are disclosed that utilize Probability Amplitude Shaping (PAS) and Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) to transmit short block-length messages. While capacity-approaching codes, such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, Turbo codes, and Polar codes, can achieve data rates approaching the Shannon limit at large block-lengths, the performance of these codes can deteriorate dramatically at short block-lengths. Communication systems configured in accordance with various embodiments of the invention can utilize classical codes to encode short block-length messages to achieve communication rates exceeding Polyanskiy's Random Coding Union bound. In several embodiments, message bits are transmitted using a TCM system in which message bits that have been previously encoded by an error detection code are encoded using a convolutional code (CC). In a number of embodiments, the error detection code and the CC are obtained via a joint optimization with respect to a Frame Error Rate bound.

A method and apparatus for providing a network profile used for testing of a device under test, the method comprising the steps of reading at least one field test log file recorded during a field test of said device under test, wherein the field test log file comprises network protocol messages and/or physical layer measurement data and extracting one or more protocol messages and/or payload data from the recorded field test log file including information concerning associated cells of a cellular network to generate automatically the network profile.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a handshake operation. Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is an important secure protocol in the IP based Internet of things. The performance of DTLS handshake can be significantly affected by network status, traffic and packet loss rate, etc. It is therefore suggested evaluating a package loss rate and estimating causes of packet loss. Then, a DTLS handshake strategy may be changed adaptively based on the detection of packet loss and network status. As a result, the successful rate and delay of DTLS handshake can be improved. An acknowledgement and a non-acknowledgement mode may be used in a hybrid way to evaluate the package loss rate and estimate causes of packet loss and eventually improve performance of DTLS handshake.

A network node for a wireless communication system including a processor and a transceiver are provided. The processor is configured to determine that a first channel quality indication for a first user equipment is higher than a second channel quality indication for a second user equipment, determine a first modulation and coding scheme index (I.sub.MCS,N) for the first user equipment based on a first set of modulation and coding schemes. The first set of modulation and coding schemes includes a first range of transport block sizes [n.sub.0 . . . n.sub.1] mapped to a first modulation order Q.sub.m=q.sub.0, and at least a second range of transport block sizes [n.sub.2 . . . n.sub.3] mapped to a second modulation order Q.sub.m=g.sub.1, where q.sub.1>q.sub.0, and n.sub.3>=n.sub.1 and n.sub.2<n.sub.1.

Disclosed is an optical receiver and an error correction method performed by the optical receiver, receiving, using a receiving antenna or a photodetector, a training signal in which an error occurs due to noise and distortion while being output from an optical transmitter and transmitted through a communication channel and identifying a hyperplane for classifying a probability that the received training signal is a training signal corresponding to a training signal output from the optical signal using a support vector machine (SVM) and learning a parameter of the identified hyperplane such that a classification error probability is minimized when the probability is extracted using the identified hyperplane, wherein the parameter of the identified hyperplane is used to correct an error occurring while a transmission signal output from the optical signal is received using the receiving antenna or the photodetector.

An apparatus for identifying a communications signal in a preceding stage for a communications modem includes a communications signal identifying unit configured to receive a communications signal through a port, deliver data included in the communications signal to a communications modem, and sample the communications signal which has passed through the port during every unit length to detect a unit length pattern corresponding to a start of communication and a unit length pattern corresponding to an end of communication. When a length from the start of communication to the end of communication is equal to or smaller than a reference length, the communications signal identifying unit delivers a data process stopping signal to the communications modem such that the communications modem stops a data reading operation.

Network throughput can be increased and the message failure rate can be reduced in 5G and 6G communications by use of AI-based fault mitigation: that ism detection, localization, and correction of faulted message elements in real-time. A receiver provides the demodulated message, along with amplitude and phase measurements of each message element, directly to a properly trained artificial intelligence model. The model determines the most-likely faulted message elements, and in some cases can indicate the most probable correct value of the faulted message elements. The AI model can also determine the fault probability of each message element. The expected message content (such as value ranges and predetermined format) can also be provided to the AI model, for further corruption sensitivity. By correcting faulted messages in less time than required for a retransmission, the system can save time, reduce backgrounds, and greatly reduce dropped messages.

A wireless device may receive packets according to a protocol, such as Bluetooth, and may rapidly react to receive an interfering RF packet instead of dropping the first RF packet and the interfering RF packet, to decrease message delay due to collisions in high device density environments. When a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) difference between the interfering RF packet and the first RF packet exceeds a threshold, the device may detect the interfering packet and resync a portion of its circuitry to lock on to and receive the interfering packet. The wireless receiver may detect the interfering RF packet by detecting one or more of: a specific resync byte sequence, an increase in RSSI, or a phase shift. Additionally, a wireless device may add the specific resync byte sequence to an RF packet of a standard protocol.

Reliability, in 5G and emerging 6G, is a continuing challenge due to signal fading, heavy interference, and phase noise, among others. The disclosed procedures show how to locate the most likely faulted message elements according to a deviant modulation, excessive amplitude or phase instability, and inconsistency between successive transmissions of the message. In addition, the receiver can rectify the message either by altering the faulted message elements to other modulation states, or by selectively merging two versions of the message according to signal quality. In either case, reliability is improved, range is extended, and time is saved.