Radiation treatment planning includes determining a number of beams to be directed into a target, determining directions (e.g., gantry angles) for the beams, and determining an energy level for each of the beams. The number of beams, the directions of the beams, and the energy levels are determined such that the beams do not overlap outside the target and the prescribed dose will be delivered across the entire target.

A radiotherapy system includes an X-ray target configured to convert an incident electron beam into a therapeutic X-ray beam, a purging magnet configured to redirect unwanted particles emitted from the X-ray target away from the therapeutic X-ray beam, and a particle collector configured to absorb the unwanted particles subsequent to redirection by the purging magnet. The particle collector may be configured to dissipate at least 50% of the energy of the incident electron beam.

A multi-layer multi-leaf collimation system includes at least a two layers of collimation leaves. The first multi-leaf collimator layer is configured to primarily perform a first function to affect a radiation beam traveling from a radiation source to a target and a second multi-leaf collimator layer is configured to primarily perform a second function, different from the first function, to affect the radiation beam for the administration of a treatment plan.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for reconstructing fluence map. The system may obtain a plurality of radiation tasks based on a radiotherapy plan. Each of the plurality of radiation tasks may include a radiation field corresponding to the radiation task. For each of the plurality of radiation tasks, the system may determine whether a shape change between a radiation field corresponding to the radiation task and a radiation field corresponding to a preceding radiation task exceeds a shape change threshold. The system may determine a fluence map corresponding to the radiation task based on a first determination result of whether the shape change between the radiation field corresponding to the radiation task and the radiation field corresponding to the preceding radiation task exceeds the shape change threshold.

An ion-based radiotherapy plan for passive delivery of one or more beams (7) uses an optimization problem set up to allow variation in settings of the range modulating device, and/or settings of the aperture element during the delivery of the first beam, so that said plan will include modulation of the fluence of the beam during the delivery of the beam. The optimization problem is set up to allow variation of the settings of an aperture element (11), a range modulating device (9) during delivery of each beam, so that said plan will include modulation in depth of the beam during the delivery of the beam.

Various embodiments are described herein of radiation systems and methods for monitoring radiation dose are provided monitoring an amount of radiation in a radiation beam generated by a radiation source for a radiation treatment session, where a radiation sensor is used to provide an actual radiation measurement and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) engine is used to generate a predicted radiation measurement based on a plurality of feature values for features including radiation field segments from the radiation treatment plan data for the radiation treatment session. The difference between the actual radiation measurement and the predicted radiation measurement is used to determine whether the radiation system is operating in a predetermined safe operation range.

Techniques are presented for optimizing a treatment plan for charged particle therapy. The method includes obtaining medical image data voxels inside a subject in a reference frame of a radiation source that emits a beam of charged particles at multiple tracks with a controlled emitted energy at each track. Hydrogen density (HD) is determined based on the medical image data. Stopping power ratio (SPR) along a first beam having a first track and first emitted energy is calculated based on HD. A range to a Bragg peak is calculated along the first beam based on the SPR and the first emitted energy. The first beam track or the first emitted energy, or both, is modified based at least in part on the beam range to determine a second track and second emitted energy. Output data that indicates the second track and second emitted energy are sent.

Systems and methods are provided for registering images. The systems and methods perform operations comprising: receiving, at a first time point in a given radiation session, a first imaging slice corresponding to a first plane; encoding the first imaging slice to a lower dimensional representation; applying a trained machine learning model to the encoded first imaging slice to estimate an encoded version of a second imaging slice corresponding to a second plane at the first time point to provide a pair of imaging slices for the first time point; simultaneously spatially registering the pair of imaging slices to a volumetric image, received prior to the given radiation session, comprising a time-varying object to calculate displacement of the object; and generating an updated therapy protocol to control delivery of a therapy beam based on the calculated displacement of the object.

A radiation system is provided. The radiation system may include a bore accommodating an object, a rotary ring, a first radiation source and a second radiation source mounted on the rotary ring and a processor. The first radiation source may be configured to emit a first cone beam toward a first region of the object. The second radiation source may be configured to emit a second beam toward a second region of the object, the second region including at least a part of the first region. The processor may be configured to obtain a treatment plan of the object, the treatment plan including parameters associated with radiation segments. The processor may be further configured to control an emission of the first cone beam and/or the second beam based on the parameters associated with the radiation segments to perform a treatment and a 3-D imaging simultaneously.

Systems and methods for managing motions of an anatomical region of interest of a patient during image-guided radiotherapy are disclosed. An exemplary system may include an image acquisition device, a radiotherapy device, and a processor device. The processor device may be configured to control the image acquisition device to acquire at least one 2D image. Each 2D image may include a cross-sectional image of the anatomical region of interest. The processor device may also be configured to perform automatic contouring in each 2D image to extract a set of contour elements segmenting the cross-sectional image of the anatomical region of interest in that 2D image. The processor device may be further configured to match the set of contour elements to a 3D surface image of the anatomical region of interest to determine a motion of the anatomical region of interest and to control radiation delivery based on the determined motion.