The disclosure provides systems and methods for adjusting a multi-leaf collimator (MLC). The MLC includes a plurality of cross-layer leaf pairs, each cross-layer leaf pair of the plurality of cross-layer leaf pairs includes a first leaf located in a first layer of leaves and a second leaf opposingly located in a second layer of leaves. For at least one cross-layer leaf pair, an effective cross-layer leaf gap to be formed between the first leaf and the second leaf may be determined; at least one of the first leaf or the second leaf may be caused to move to form the effective cross-layer leaf gap; and an in-layer leaf gap may be caused, based on the effective cross-layer leaf gap, to be formed between the first leaf and an opposing first leaf in the first layer. A size of the in-layer leaf gap may be no less than a threshold.

It is provided a method for determining arc costs. The method comprises the steps of: determining a plurality of beam orientations; evaluating a set of at least one cost function comprising an intermediate exposure cost function that is evaluated by performing the substeps of: projecting the at least one target volumes on a beam plane; determining an alignment angle based on a collimator angle value; finding any intermediate area in the beam plane along the alignment angle between areas of the at least one target volume projection; determining a value of the intermediate exposure cost function. The method further comprises the steps of: finding a plurality of arcs, wherein each arc comprises a sequence of a plurality of beam orientations; and calculating, for each arc in the plurality of arcs, at least one arc cost based on the cost function values of the beam orientations of the arc.

A particle beam radiotherapy system has been proposed by using a set of first and second scatterers, whereby a short-duration pulse beam is irradiated to a lesion. When the duration of the radiotherapy beam is 200 milliseconds or less, healthy tissues are selectively protected and only cancer tissues are damaged. For example, it can be used for cancer treatment of brain metastases that may be distributed throughout the entire brain tissues. The positions of the scatterers and the energy of the incident particle beams are optimized according to the position and the volume of the brain tissues.

A radiotherapy device is disclosed. The radiotherapy device includes a radiation source, a detecting means and controller communicatively coupled to the radiation source and the detecting means. The radiation source is configured to generate a treatment beam for irradiating a subject. The detecting means is configured to detect a motion of the subject, the motion comprising a first physiological motion component and a second physiological motion component. The controller is configured to generate a beam shaping control signal based on the first physiological motion component and to generate a beam gating control signal based on the second physiological motion component

A method for driving a leaf of a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) is provided. The method may include obtaining a target position of the leaf; identifying a current position of the leaf; generating a first control signal based on the target position of the leaf and the current position of the leaf; generating a second control signal based on at least one of a target velocity of the leaf, a target acceleration of the leaf, or a current angle of the leaf; generating a third control signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal; and/or causing a drive circuit to generate a driving signal for driving the leaf to move towards the target position by providing the third control signal to the drive circuit.

A dose rate-volume histogram can be generated for a target volume. The dose rate-volume histogram can be stored in computer system memory and used to generate a radiation treatment plan. The radiation treatment plan can be used as the basis for treating a patient using a radiation treatment system.

The invention discloses an orthogonal dual-layer grating dynamic intensity modulation segmentation method based on quadrant, specifically include the following steps: S1: the fluence distribution under each beam is calculated through the radiation treatment planning system; S2: use orthogonal double-layer collimator for fluence segmentation; S3: divide the quadrant, divide the field surrounded by the upper, lower, left and right leaves into at least two quadrants, to obtain the fluence distribution and the corresponding leaf sequence of each quadrant; S4: perform regional planning of the fluence in each quadrant to obtain multiple different regions and determine the segmentation mode of different regions; S5: for any quadrant, use two mutually orthogonal leaf groups for segmentation. The present invention completes the dynamic segmentation of any shape target area and multiple target areas through the mutual cooperative movement of the upper and lower layers of orthogonal leaves, realizes the dynamic segmentation of the upper and lower layers of the orthogonal dual-layer collimator from two directions, avoids the end surface perspective between the leaves, and improves the segmentation efficiency.

A tool for radiation therapy simulation or planning is disclosed which aids in avoiding collisions during treatment. Configurations of components including at least a radiation delivery device (30) and a patient (32) are generated. Each configuration defines positions of the components in a common coordinate system. For each configuration, proximities of pairs of components of the configuration are computed using ray tracing between three-dimensional surface models (30m, 32m, 36m, 38m) representing the components of the pair. A collision is identified as any pair of components having a computed proximity that is less than a margin for the pair of components. Each identified collision is displayed on a display (12), e.g. as a rendering. The simulations or planning may be used to verify deliverability of arc, 4Pi, or static therapy, to determine safety margins for collisions, to calculate and display realizable trajectories, and so forth.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for guiding the delivery of therapeutic radiation using incomplete or partial images acquired during a treatment session. A partial image does not have enough information to determine the location of a target region due to, for example, poor or low contrast and/or low SNR. The radiation fluence calculation methods described herein do not require knowledge or calculation of the target location, and yet may help to provide real-time image guided radiation therapy using arbitrarily low SNR images.

A Cherenkov-based or thin-sheet scintillator-based imaging system uses a radio-optical triggering unit (RTU) that detects scattered radiation in a fast-response scintillator to detect pulses of radiation to permit capture of Cherenkov-light or scintillator-light images during pulses of radiation and background images at times when pulses of radiation are not present without need for electrical interface to the accelerator that provides the pulses of radiation. The Cherenkov images are corrected by background subtraction and used for purposes including optimization of treatment, commissioning, routine quality auditing, R&D, and manufacture. The radio-optical triggering unit employs high-speed, highly sensitive radio-optical sensing to generate a digital timing signal which is synchronous with the treatment beam for use in triggering Cherenkov light or scintillator light imaging.