The invention comprising: jointly determining an analog precoding matrix F.sub.RF and a plurality of multi-user groups G.sub.l, each multi-user group G.sub.l being associated to a respective subcarrier l, each multi-user group G.sub.l containing a plurality of receivers to be jointly served for a data transmission on the respective subcarrier l; and using the analog precoding matrix F.sub.RF for processing at least one signal to transmit; characterized in that the joint determination comprises: /a/ optimizing a beamforming function ƒ(F.sub.RF, G.sub.1 . . . , G.sub.L) with respect to the analog precoding matrix F.sub.RF, the multi-user groups G.sub.l being fixed; /b/ optimizing a scheduling function g(G.sub.l,F.sub.RF) with respect to the multi-user groups G.sub.l, a value of the analog precoding matrix F.sub.RF being fixed; wherein /a/ and /b/ are iteratively repeated.

A method for emulating a communication system with fast changing link condition, applied to a testbed system including an interference emulator, a transmitter, and a receiver, includes: by the transmitter, generating code-word symbols, in an initial symbol sequence, according to information bits; evaluating an interference condition and a time duration for each code-word symbol; reordering the code-word symbols to a reordered symbol sequence based on interference conditions; evaluating a total time duration of code-word symbols under each interference condition; and transmitting the code-word symbols in the reordered symbol sequence. The method also includes: by the interference emulator, obtaining the total time duration of code-word symbols under each interference condition from the transmitter; and providing an emulated interference environment by ordering the time durations of different interference conditions. The start time for transmitting code-word symbols with an interference condition is synchronized with the start time for emulating the interference condition.

The invention discloses a method for fast detection scan of NB-IoT signals in networks. The object of the invention to provide a scanning procedure which is reliable and very fast in order to reduce the search time and hence the power consumption will be solved by a method for fast detection scan of NB-IoT signals in a network by applying a higher sampling rate than 240 kHz and observing a received signal at a receive bandwidth around a magnitude wider than the NB-IoT signal bandwidth of 180 kHz, wherein a set of 2M+1 NB-IoT signals each having a different E-UTRA absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN) can be observed simultaneously, whereas M is a natural number and 2M+1 indicates the number of concurrently observed channels.

A radio frequency module includes: a first filter circuit disposed on a first path that connects an antenna terminal and a first input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a first frequency band; a second filter circuit disposed on a second path that connects the antenna terminal and a second input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band; and a band-elimination filter circuit disposed on the second path and having an attenuation band that is a partial band of a third frequency band that belongs to an unlicensed band ranging from 5 GHz or higher, and is higher than the second frequency band. The second filter circuit is an LC filter circuit that includes an inductor and a capacitor.

A radio frequency (RF) transmitter including a switched-capacitor digital-to-analog converter (SC-DAC) configured to selectively generate a first RF output signal having a first output power control range or a second RF output signal having a second output power control range from input signals received through a plurality of lines may be provided.

A method for generating a reputation value of a sender includes: obtaining non-spam logs in a specified period; calculating an initial reputation value of a target sender according to sender identifications and recipient identifications of the non-spam logs as well as the number of emails sent by senders of the non-spam logs; calculating a transferred reputation value of the target sender according to the sender identifications of the non-spam logs and the number of the emails sent by the senders of the non-spam logs; and calculating a current reputation value of the target sender according to the initial reputation value and the transferred reputation value of the target sender. The method can accurately calculate the reputation value of the sender without relying on an email sending history of the sender, thereby effectively preventing the reputation value of the sender from being increased by cheating.

A radio transmission device includes: a known signal generating unit that generates a first known signal and a second known signal mapped in such a manner that subcarriers for transmitting a first signal not being 0 do not overlap with each other in symbols of one time band; an IDFT unit that converts the first known signal and the second known signal from a frequency domain signal into a time domain signal; a GI inserting unit that inserts a guard interval into the first known signal and the second known signal converted into time domain signals; a transmission antenna that transmits the first known signal in which the guard interval is inserted; and a transmission antenna that transmits the second known signal in which the guard interval is inserted.

A method for estimating, at one and the same given time, a set of attenuations of one or more first radiofrequency RF uplinks, implemented by a VHTS space telecommunications system. In an auxiliary usage step, an on-board regenerative or digital transparent processor DTP generates at least one beacon signal that is or are distributed, in the Q band, to N nominal access stations GWn(i) in order to be measured in terms of power, or measures the spectral power of each traffic signal transmitted by the nominal access stations GWn(i), i varying from 1 to N. In a following step, the attenuation levels An(i) of the uplinks LUn(i) are determined based on the powers of the one or more beacon signals that are measured on the corresponding downlinks LDn(i) in the Q band, or based on the one or more spectral powers, measured by the DTP, of the traffic signals received on the one or more uplinks LUn(i).

Technology for a user equipment (UE) operable to decode a resource mapping pattern of a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) received from a base station in a wireless network is disclosed. The UE can decode control signaling received in a downlink from the base station. The control signaling can indicate a resource mapping pattern for a PT-RS. The UE can identify the resource mapping pattern for the PT-RS based on the control signaling received from the base station. The UE can encode one or more PT-RS for transmission to the base station in an uplink in accordance with the resource mapping pattern for the PT-RS.

Technology for a user equipment (UE) operable to decode a resource mapping pattern of a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) received from a base station in a wireless network is disclosed. The UE can decode control signaling received in a downlink from the base station. The control signaling can indicate a resource mapping pattern for a PT-RS. The UE can identify the resource mapping pattern for the PT-RS based on the control signaling received from the base station. The UE can encode one or more PT-RS for transmission to the base station in an uplink in accordance with the resource mapping pattern for the PT-RS.