The user devices in managed networks, such as 5G and 6G networks, are required to adapt their uplink transmissions to the base station’s resource grid, including the timing and frequency structure of the resource grid. Message-heavy legacy synchronization procedures can consume substantial resources. Therefore, a simpler, faster procedure is disclosed in which synchronization parameters are standardized where possible, timing signals are configured in minimal size where possible, and the user device collaborates with the base station to adjust the user device’s clock setting, clock rate, timing advance (to match the base station’s symbol boundaries), and Doppler correction (to match the base station’s subcarrier frequency), without exchanging data messages other than very brief timing signals. Such ultra-lean synchronization procedures may enable low-complexity synchronization in future high-frequency communications.

High-frequency communications in 5G and especially 6G will require precise synchronization of user devices with the base station, including periodically setting the user device clock time and clock rate to mitigate oscillator drift. The base station can assist user devices by periodically providing a timing signal containing a mid-symbol timestamp point, which is a signal that includes an abrupt change in phase or amplitude centered in the symbol-time. A receiver can analyze the timing signal and determine precisely the time of arrival of the timestamp point, and correct the receiver's clock to ensure that uplink messages will then arrive at the base station synchronized with the base station's resource grid. In addition, the base station can provide two timing signals in which the mid-symbol timestamp points are separated by a predetermined separation, thereby assisting the user devices in adjusting their clock rates.

Uplink messages in 5G and 6G are expected to arrive at the base station in alignment with the base station's resource grid, at the proper time and frequency. Disclosed are lean procedures and compact timing signals that can enable user devices to maintain synchronization with a base station's resource grid. Shaped timing signals are disclosed that, when measured by a receiver, can indicate whether the receiver's clock is synchronized with the transmitter's clock, or is in disagreement, and in which direction, and by how much. The receiver thereby determines the clock error by amplitude measurements only, since the timing signal is configured to convert the timing error into a readily determined amplitude value, which the receiver can quantify using normal amplitude-demodulation procedures. The receiver's amplitude resolution corresponds to the time resolution achievable. No special time-measurement signal processing is required. No synchronization messages or other legacy overhead are required.

The user devices in managed networks, such as 5G and 6G networks, are required to adapt their uplink transmissions to the base station's resource grid, including the timing and frequency structure of the resource grid. Message-heavy legacy synchronization procedures can consume substantial resources. Therefore, a simpler, faster procedure is disclosed in which synchronization parameters are standardized where possible, timing signals are configured in minimal size where possible, and the user device collaborates with the base station to adjust the user device's clock setting, clock rate, timing advance (to match the base station's symbol boundaries), and Doppler correction (to match the base station's subcarrier frequency), without exchanging data messages other than very brief timing signals. Such ultra-lean synchronization procedures may enable low-complexity synchronization in future high-frequency communications.

Uplink messages in 5G and 6G are expected to arrive at the base station in alignment with the base station's resource grid, at the proper time and frequency. Disclosed are lean procedures and compact timing signals that can enable user devices to maintain synchronization with a base station's resource grid. Shaped timing signals are disclosed that, when measured by a receiver, can indicate whether the receiver's clock is synchronized with the transmitter's clock, or is in disagreement, and in which direction, and by how much. The receiver thereby determines the clock error by amplitude measurements only, since the timing signal is configured to convert the timing error into a readily determined amplitude value, which the receiver can quantify using normal amplitude-demodulation procedures. The receiver's amplitude resolution corresponds to the time resolution achievable. No special time-measurement signal processing is required. No synchronization messages or other legacy overhead are required.

Systems, methods, and baseband processors are provided to generate or process symbols in a synchronization subframe. In one example, a method includes selecting non-consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a synchronization subframe. A transmitter is instructed to transmit demodulation reference symbols (DM-RS) on identical first sets of subcarriers in respective OFDM symbols of the selected non-consecutive OFDM symbols for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) using a same transmit beam, wherein a gap between two subcarriers in a respective set of the identical first sets of subcarriers is three subcarriers. The transmitter is instructed to transmit the PBCH on identical second sets of subcarriers in respective OFDM symbols in the selected non-consecutive OFDM symbols.

In various embodiments, the disclosed systems, methods, and apparatuses describe the application of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) over networks (e.g., cable networks). In particular, the disclosure describes: determining a signal for transmission to a receiving device; determining, by a processing component of the device, parameters associated with the transmission of the signal, the parameters comprising at least one of a power level, a modulation scheme, a frequency band, and a power spectral density; and transmitting, by a transmitting component of the device, the signal over a medium based on the parameters and using a NOMA technique.

A system and method of minimizing interference and retries in an environment where two or more network protocols utilize the same frequency spectrum is disclosed. A lower-power network controller is co-located with a WIFI controller. The lower-power network controller listens for a signature that may indicate the presence of a low power protocol packet, such as BLE or Zigbee. The lower-power controller checks for a waveform that is representative of a Zigbee packet prior to generating a request signal to the WIFI controller. This maximizes the likelihood that no WIFI traffic will occur while the incoming packet is being received.

The controller includes a first equalizer, a first detector, a second detector, a multiplexer, a data clock generator, and a second equalizer. The first equalizer is configured to receive and equalize the input data. The first detector is configured to detect optimum phase of the input data. The optimum phase of the input data represents the input data peak. The second detector is configured to generate an envelope data according to the input data and detect peak of envelop with respect to sampling phase. The data clock generator is configured to generate the recovered data clock. The second equalizer is configured to generate the recovered data. The multiplexer is configured to generate an offset value according to the input data peak and the envelope data peak. The offset value represents the recovered data clock having an optimum sampling frequency and an optimum sampling phase.

The present disclosure describes a method, an apparatus, and a computer-readable medium for use in providing reverse time alignment in a wireless network. For example, the method may include obtaining a first timing value from a serving node and a second timing value from each of one or more non-serving nodes of the UE, computing one or more timing differences between the first timing value and each of one or more second timing values, and reporting the one or more timing differences to the serving node. Additionally, the disclosure describes a method, an apparatus and a computer-readable medium for use in providing time alignment in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission network by obtaining of a CoMP transmission network timing information from a plurality of user equipments (UEs) and storing the timing information for each of the plurality of UEs for communicating with the first node.