An apparatus for analyzing one or several radio systems is provided, having: one or several radio-frequency units for generating one or several baseband signals from one or several radio signals, a spectral analysis module for performing spectral analysis, wherein one of the baseband signals is transformed to a time-frequency domain in order to obtain a spectrogram in the time-frequency domain, one or several demodulators for generating several demodulated radio packets of the one or several radio systems from the one or several baseband signals, the demodulators providing additional information for the demodulated radio packets, a spectrogram analyzer for detecting radio packets found in the spectrogram in the time-frequency domain and for establishing one or several characteristics for each radio packet found based on the spectrogram in the time-frequency domain, and a synchronization module configured to determine one or several pairs, wherein each pair has precisely one demodulated radio packet of the demodulated radio packets, having the one or several characteristics of precisely one radio packet found of the radio packets found.

A system includes the transmitter that transmits a first adjustment signal obtained based on a first parameter, detects, based on an output potential of the transmitter, a second parameter that is among values settable to the first parameter and sets the second parameter and the receiver that receives the first adjustment signal from the transmitter and acquire a second adjustment signal by adjusting the first adjustment signal based on a third parameter, sets the third parameter, counts the number of errors of the second adjustment signal based on a difference between the second adjustment signal and the test pattern, determines, based on the number of errors of the second adjustment signal, the second parameter to be set in the transmitter and controls the connection of the terminal resistor to the input terminal based on the second parameter.

A communication unit (300) is described that includes a plurality of cascaded devices that includes at least one master device and at least one slave device configured in a master-slave arrangement. The at least one master device comprises a modulator circuit (362) configured to: receive a system clock signal and a frame start signal; modulate the system clock signal with the frame start signal to produce a modulated master-slave clock signal (384); and transmit the modulated master-slave clock signal (384) to the at least one slave device. The at least one slave device comprises a demodulator circuit (364) configured to: receive and demodulate the modulated master-slave clock signal (384); and re-create therefrom the system clock signal (388, 385) and the frame start signal (390, 386).

A method of synchronising a communication signal entering into a receiver. Each frame of the signal includes a learning symbol formed of N repetitions of a learning sequence. The method includes the determination of a total correlation signal by correlating the input signal with a correlation symbol formed of N repetitions of a correlation sequence corresponding to all or part of the learning sequence and duration t.sub.sc, and the determination of a partial correlation signal by correlating the input signal with the correlation sequence. A peak of the total correlation signal is identified at an instant t.sub.pct. At least one threshold is defined from the power of the peak of the total correlation signal, and the power of the partial correlation signal is compared here to the instants t.sub.pctk*t.sub.sc, with k a whole number between 0 and N1.

A system and method for cell synchronization suitable for a wireless signal including substantially identical synchronization signals that repeat in predetermined time intervals, the synchronization signals including a plurality of substantially identical symbols. For a plurality of candidate synchronization points: dividing the wireless signal into a plurality of signal segments, each equal or longer than the time interval, and each including a plurality of sub-segments having substantially same length as the symbol; performing symbol-length cross-correlations between an expected symbol and the sub-segments; performing segmented symbol-wise correlations between the cross-correlation results; calculating a cost function based on the results of the symbol-wise correlations; accumulating the cost functions across a plurality of signal segments; and selecting a coarse synchronization point from the plurality of candidate synchronization points based on the accumulated cost function; Estimating synchronization parameters e.g. time and frequency offset based on the selected synchronization point.

A frequency offset estimation method, device, communication device and storage medium are provided. The method comprises: acquiring a main peak and a secondary peak of a PRACH signal when detecting that an access signal is in the PRACH signal sent by the signal sending end, wherein the PRACH signal is composed of a preset number of identical leader sequences; determining a first frequency offset according to a peak value of the main peak and a peak value of the secondary peak; performing a frequency offset compensation on the PRACH signal according to the first frequency offset, to obtain a compensation sequence after the frequency offset compensation; and calculating a frequency offset between the compensation sequence and the leader sequences, to obtain a second frequency offset, so as to estimate a time delay of the access signal according to the second frequency offset.

Prior art includes complex clock synchronization in 5G and 6G based on precision time measurements and multiple message exchanges. Disclosed is a simpler synchronization procedure suitable for reduced-capability receivers as well as high-performance users. The base station can transmit a brief signal on a specific subcarrier, surrounded fore and aft by silent periods, and the receiver can measure the signals in the silent periods to detect intrusion of the signal into one or the other silent periods, thereby indicating a timing offset. Alternatively, the base station can transmit a brief signal spanning an interface between subsequent symbol-times, and the receiver can measure the energy received in the two symbol-times, thereby detecting an offset. In either case, and other versions disclosed, the receiver can calculate the size and direction of the clock offset by amplitude measurements, and apply a correction without further communications between the user device and the base station.

An apparatus for providing timing recovery in high speed links includes: an error sampler receiving an input signal and sampling the input signal; a phase detector comprising an error slicer; and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The error slicer generates an error signal corresponding to the input signal with respect to a voltage threshold. The phase detector generates a bit data corresponding to the error signal. The VCO changes a frequency of an output signal based on the bit data and locks the frequency at a phase in which an average of a plurality of input signals is equal to the voltage threshold.

The present invention is directed to a method, an apparatus and a system for error-free detection of bit values which are transmitted using a continuous data signal. For this purpose, a particularly advantageous metric is proposed, which makes a conclusion possible as to an optimum time for sampling the data signal and thus makes it possible to detect the bit value unambiguously.

A method and system are provided for communication between in each case at least two communication terminal devices that are connected to a respective one of at least two coupled communication lines in which a communication protocol is utilized for communication over the respective one of the communication lines and the communication protocol controls transmitting and receiving of communication signals of the respective ones of the at least two communication terminal devices, for which purpose signal carriers are utilized.