A first device may provide, to a second device, a first message that includes a first request for a first type of precision time protocol (PTP) message and a second request for a second type of PTP message. The first device may receive, from the second device, a second message based on the first message. The second message may identify whether the first request and the second request are granted. The first device may provide, to the second device, a third message that instructs the second device to provide a first set of messages, associated with the first type of PTP message, and a second set of messages associated with the second type of PTP message. The first device may synchronize a first clock of the first device with a second clock of the second device based on the first set of messages and the second set of messages.

A method of operating a communication system is disclosed. The method includes forming a data frame having plural orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbols. A first set of preamble subcarriers is allocated to at least one of the OFDM symbols. A second set of data subcarriers is allocated to said at least one of the OFDM symbols.

[Object] To provide innovation with respect to which synchronization signal a communication device uses to conduct a synchronization process.

[Solution] Provided is a communication device including: a selection unit configured to select a synchronization signal from respective synchronization signals received from two or more other devices on a basis of origin information that is acquired by communication with another device and that indicates an origin of a synchronization signal used for acquisition of synchronization timing in the other device; and a synchronization processing unit configured to acquire synchronization timing using the synchronization signal selected by the selection unit.

Methods and systems are described for obtaining a plurality of BER-specific correction values by comparing a first set of BER values obtained by sampling, at a sampling instant near the center of a signaling interval, a non-DFE corrected received signal with a second set of BER values obtained by sampling a DFE-corrected received signal at the sampling instant. A set of eye-scope BER measurements are obtained, each eye-scope BER measurement having a sampling offset relative to the sampling instant, a voltage offset value representing a voltage offset applied to alter a decision threshold, and an eye-scope BER value. A set of DFE-adjusted eye-scope BER measurements are generated by using BER-specific correction values to adjust the voltage offset values of the eye-scope BER measurements.

The invention relates to a method for improving transit time and/or phase measurement and/or for synchronization in digital transmission systems. According to the invention, at least one first, particularly digital, piece of information in at least one first analog signal is transmitted in encoded form between two objects by means of the transmission system and at least one first sample value of the at least one first analog signal is used to determine a temporal position and/or phase relationship. The at least one first sample value lies in a rising or falling edge of the at least one first analog signal and/or of the at least one first received analog signal, which can be recognized, for example, from the sample value itself and/or the characteristic of adjacent sample values.

An audio and video playback system includes an audio and video playback device having a local audio device, and a secondary audio device. A method for playing audio data includes: allocating a local audio buffer space and a secondary audio buffer space to the local audio device and the secondary audio device, respectively; processing obtained multimedia data to generate local audio data and secondary audio data; writing the local audio data and the secondary audio data to the local audio buffer space and the secondary audio buffer space, respectively; reading the local audio data and the secondary audio data buffered in the local audio buffer space and the secondary audio buffer space to the local audio device and the secondary audio device, to have the local audio device and the secondary audio device play the local audio data and the secondary audio data, respectively.

Techniques for handling synchronization headers for serial data transmission with multi-level signaling are described. In an example, a transmitter includes a multiplexer circuit configured to serialize an input signal to generate an output bit sequence having a plurality of bits between pairs of synchronization header bits. The transmitter includes a re-ordering circuit, coupled to the multiplexer circuit to receive the output bit sequence, configured to re-order the output bit sequence by moving at least one of the plurality of bits between the synchronization header bits in each of the pairs of synchronization header bits. The transmitter includes an output driver circuit configured to drive the re-ordered output bit sequence onto a transmission medium.

An integrated receiver supports adaptive receive equalization. An incoming bit stream is sampled using edge and data clock signals derived from a reference clock signal. A phase detector determines whether the edge and data clock signals are in phase with the incoming data, while some clock recovery circuitry adjusts the edge and data clock signals as required to match their phases to the incoming data. The receiver employs the edge and data samples used to recover the edge and data clock signals to note the locations of zero crossings for one or more selected data patterns. The pattern or patterns may be selected from among those apt to produce the greatest timing error. Equalization settings may then be adjusted to align the zero crossings of the selected data patterns with the recovered edge clock signal.

This application discloses a data forwarding method and device. The method includes: obtaining a first data unit sequence stream by using a first logical ingress port, where the first data unit sequence stream includes at least one first data unit; determining, according to a preconfigured mapping relationship between at least one logical ingress port and at least one logical egress port, a first logical egress port corresponding to the first logical ingress port, where the at least one logical ingress port includes the first logical ingress port; adjusting a quantity of idle units in the first data unit sequence stream, so that a rate of an adjusted first data unit sequence stream matches a rate of the first logical egress port; and sending the adjusted first data unit sequence stream by using the first logical egress port.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Synchronization signals may be transmitted using a set of phase offsets over different component carriers or using a single component carrier for each antenna port. For example, a base station may identify a set of synchronization signals (e.g., a set of primary synchronization signals (PSSs)) to be transmitted over one or multiple component carriers. In some cases, each PSS may be associated with a different component carrier, and the base station may apply a different phase offset to each PSS when transmitting the set of PSSs on the component carriers. In some examples, the base station may transmit the PSSs on the component carriers using a different antenna port for each component carrier.