A method includes, at a first node: transmitting a first synchronization signal at a first time according to a first clock of the first node; back-coupling the first synchronization signal to generate a first self-receive signal; calculating a time-of-arrival of the first self-receive signal according to the first clock; and calculating a time-of-arrival of the second synchronization signal according to the first clock. The method also includes, at the second node: transmitting the second synchronization signal at a second time according to a second clock of the second node; back-coupling the second synchronization signal to generate a second self-receive signal; calculating a time-of-arrival of the second self-receive signal according to the second clock; and calculating a time-of-arrival of the first synchronization signal according to the second clock. The method S100 further includes calculating a time bias and a propagation delay between the pair of nodes based on the time-of-arrivals.

A method for adjusting a periodicity of communication between a wheel unit and a remote monitoring and/or control device, a communication being carried out using ultra-high-frequency radio waves, the wheel unit sending with a predetermined first periodicity basic signaling messages indicating its presence to any communication device located in an environment of the wheel unit. The wheel unit, having previously stored a group of communication devices authorized to serve as monitoring devices therefor, checks whether the communication device having sent a response message belongs to the group, and, if this is the case, the wheel unit replaces the first periodicity with at least one shorter second periodicity resulting in a more intense two-way exchange for any signaling message subsequently sent from the wheel unit to the authorized device.

A transmission device includes a current transmission right as a node constituting an implicit token-passing network. When receiving a synchronization frame including a synchronization node number for specifying a synchronization node and network live node map information, which is information on nodes present in the network, or a reminder frame including a transmission right node number for specifying a node having a transmission right and network live node map information, which is information on the nodes present in the network, the transmission device is configured to transmit a data frame, and after the transmission of the data frame, transmit a completion frame including a transmission node number for specifying a node of a transmission source and network live node map information, which is information on the nodes present in the network.

A transmission device includes a current transmission right as a node constituting an implicit token-passing network. When receiving a synchronization frame including a synchronization node number for specifying a synchronization node and network live node map information, which is information on nodes present in the network, or a reminder frame including a transmission right node number for specifying a node having a transmission right and network live node map information, which is information on the nodes present in the network, the transmission device is configured to transmit a data frame, and after the transmission of the data frame, transmit a completion frame including a transmission node number for specifying a node of a transmission source and network live node map information, which is information on the nodes present in the network.

A method includes: scheduling transmission of a first synchronization signal by a first node; and scheduling transmission of a second synchronization signal by a second node. The method also includes, after transmission of the first synchronization signal: receiving, from the first node, a first phase reference associated with the first synchronization signal; and receiving, from the second node, a first phase-of-arrival of the first synchronization signal at the second node. The method additionally includes, after transmission of the second synchronization signal: receiving, from the second node, a second phase reference associated with the second synchronization signal; and receiving, from the first node, a second phase-of-arrival of the second synchronization signal at the first node. The method further includes calculating a propagation delay between the first node and the second node based on the first phase reference, the second phase reference, the first phase-of-arrival, and the second phase-of-arrival.

A method includes: scheduling transmission of a first synchronization signal by a first node; and scheduling transmission of a second synchronization signal by a second node. The method also includes, after transmission of the first synchronization signal: receiving, from the first node, a first phase reference associated with the first synchronization signal; and receiving, from the second node, a first phase-of-arrival of the first synchronization signal at the second node. The method additionally includes, after transmission of the second synchronization signal: receiving, from the second node, a second phase reference associated with the second synchronization signal; and receiving, from the first node, a second phase-of-arrival of the second synchronization signal at the first node. The method further includes calculating a propagation delay between the first node and the second node based on the first phase reference, the second phase reference, the first phase-of-arrival, and the second phase-of-arrival.

A method for hub for interfacing between a wireless mission critical communication link (MCCL) and a wired MCCL. The hub includes a wired interface a providing a physical layer connectivity to the wired MCCL; a plurality of ports coupled to the wired interface; a wireless interface providing a physical layer connectivity to the wireless MCCL; and a processor; and a memory containing instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, configure the hub to: receive a signal from a primary device through the wireless MCCL; determine a wireless communication cycle of the primary device; determine a wired communication cycle of a secondary device, wherein the secondary device is connected via the wired MCCL; synchronize a start time of the wired communication cycle to a start of the wireless communication cycle; and send the received signal to the secondary device at the synchronized start time of the wired communication cycle.

A method for hub for interfacing between a wireless mission critical communication link (MCCL) and a wired MCCL. The hub includes a wired interface a providing a physical layer connectivity to the wired MCCL; a plurality of ports coupled to the wired interface; a wireless interface providing a physical layer connectivity to the wireless MCCL; and a processor; and a memory containing instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, configure the hub to: receive a signal from a primary device through the wireless MCCL; determine a wireless communication cycle of the primary device; determine a wired communication cycle of a secondary device, wherein the secondary device is connected via the wired MCCL; synchronize a start time of the wired communication cycle to a start of the wireless communication cycle; and send the received signal to the secondary device at the synchronized start time of the wired communication cycle.

An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using a bootstrap and a preamble are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving on a BICM output signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time-interleaved signal.

An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using a bootstrap and a preamble are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving on a BICM output signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time-interleaved signal.